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arXiv 0704.2909astro-phhep-ph
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如何测量暗物质和重子之间的根本区别:晕速度各向异性

What it takes to measure a fundamental difference between dark matter and baryons: the halo velocity anisotropy

Ole Host, Steen H Hansen

摘要:

许多正在进行的实验旨在直接通过WIMP-核子相互作用探测来自星系晕的WIMP暗物质粒子。一旦建立了这样的探测,就需要确认信号的银河起源。这需要方向敏感的探测器。我们表明,这样的探测器可以测量速度各向异性β的星系晕。宇宙学N体模拟预测暗物质的各向异性不为零,β值约为0.2。重子物质的β =0,因此检测到非零的β将是暗物质和重子物质之间根本区别的有力证据。我们估计各种探测器配置使用蒙特卡罗方法的灵敏度,我们发现,最强的信号是在相对较少的高反冲能量事件。如果要测量β的精确度达到0.03,则需要探测到10^4个以上的WIMP事件,其中核反冲能量大于100 keV,WIMP质量为100 GeV,目标为32 S。这个数字对应于所有能量下的~10^6个事件。我们讨论了输入参数的变化,我们表明,我们的方法是强大的背景的存在下,并讨论了可能提高灵敏度的能量敏感探测器。

英文摘要:

Numerous ongoing experiments aim at detecting WIMP dark matter particles from the galactic halo directly through WIMP-nucleon interactions. Once such a detection is established a confirmation of the galactic origin of the signal is needed. This requires a direction-sensitive detector. We show that such a detector can measure the velocity anisotropy beta of the galactic halo. Cosmological N-body simulations predict the dark matter anisotropy to be nonzero, beta~0.2. Baryonic matter has beta=0 and therefore a detection of a nonzero beta would be strong proof of the fundamental difference between dark and baryonic matter. We estimate the sensitivity for various detector configurations using Monte Carlo methods and we show that the strongest signal is found in the relatively few high recoil energy events. Measuring beta to the precision of ~0.03 will require detecting more than 10^4 WIMP events with nuclear recoil energies greater than 100 keV for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV and a 32S target. This number corresponds to ~10^6 events at all energies. We discuss variations with respect to input parameters and we show that our method is robust to the presence of backgrounds and discuss the possible improved sensitivity for an energy-sensitive detector.

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