猝灭铁磁玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的Kibble-Zurek机制
Kibble-Zurek mechanism in a quenched ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate
摘要：
当外加磁场猝灭到某一临界值以下时，自旋1铁磁玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的量子相变通过Kibble-Zurek（KZ）机制产生自旋涡旋.结果表明，磁关联函数具有有限的关联长度，在相距很远的位置上的磁化强度沿随机方向增长，导致自旋涡旋。我们用数值方法证实了自旋涡旋的缠绕数与闭合路径长度的平方根成正比的标度律，对于慢猝灭，与$τ_{\rm Q}^{-1/6}$成正比，其中$τ_{\rm Q}$是猝灭时间.讨论了自旋守恒与KZ机制的关系。
英文摘要：
The spin vortices are shown to be created through the Kibble-Zurek (KZ) mechanism in a quantum phase transition of a spin-1 ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate, when the applied magnetic field is quenched below a critical value. It is shown that the magnetic correlation functions have finite correlation lengths, and magnetizations at widely separated positions grow in random directions, resulting in spin vortices. We numerically confirm the scaling law that the winding number of spin vortices is proportional to the square root of the length of the closed path, and for slow quench, proportional to $τ_{\rm Q}^{-1/6}$ with $τ_{\rm Q}$ being the quench time. The relation between the spin conservation and the KZ mechanism is discussed.
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