驱动耗散系统通过非平衡相变的Kibble-Zurek机制
Kibble-Zurek mechanism in driven-dissipative systems crossing a non-equilibrium phase transition
摘要：
Kibble-Zurek机制是临界系统物理学中最迷人和最普遍的现象之一。它描述了形成域和拓扑缺陷的自发成核时，一个系统被驱动跨越一个相变表现出自发对称性破缺。虽然在广泛的平衡凝聚态系统中观察到缺陷密度对过渡跨越速度的特性依赖性，但其扩展到内在驱动耗散系统是一个正在进行的研究问题。在这项工作中，我们数值证实了Kibble-Zurek机制在一个范式家庭的驱动耗散量子系统，即激子极化激元在微腔。我们的研究结果表明，普遍性和临界动力学的概念如何扩展到驱动耗散系统，不保存能量或粒子数，也不满足细致平衡条件。
英文摘要：
The Kibble-Zurek mechanism constitutes one of the most fascinating and universal phenomena in the physics of critical systems. It describes the formation of domains and the spontaneous nucleation of topological defects when a system is driven across a phase transition exhibiting spontaneous symmetry breaking. While a characteristic dependence of the defect density on the speed at which the transition is crossed was observed in a vast range of equilibrium condensed matter systems, its extension to intrinsically driven-dissipative systems is a matter of ongoing research. In this work we numerically confirm the Kibble-Zurek mechanism in a paradigmatic family of driven-dissipative quantum systems, namely exciton-polaritons in microcavities. Our findings show how the concepts of universality and critical dynamics extend to driven-dissipative systems that do not conserve energy or particle number nor satisfy a detailed balance condition.
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