We construct a classical solution of an Einstein-Yang-Mills system with a fourth order term with respect to the field strength of the Yang-Mills field. The solution provides a spontaneous compactification proposed by Cremmer and Scherk; ten-dimensional space-time with a cosmological constant is compactified to the four-dimensional Minkowski space with a six-dimensional sphere S^6 on which an instanton solution exists. The radius of the sphere is not a modulus but is determined by the gauge coupling and the four-derivative coupling constants and the Newton's constant. We also construct a solution of ten-dimensional theory without a cosmological constant compactified to AdS_4 x S^6.
In this letter, we find the first dynamically stable non-singular solution spherically symmetric SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills equation. This solutions is regular at r=0 and asymptotically flat. Since the Yang-Mills field strength decay exponentially, the Einstein-Yang-Mills particle perhaps can be used to be a candidate for dark matter.
We discuss the asymptotic form of the static axially symmetric, globally regular and black hole solutions, obtained recently in Einstein-Yang-Mills and Einstein-Yang-Mills-dilaton theory.
The method of minimal geometric deformation (MGD) is used to derive static, strongly gravitating, spherically symmetric, compact stellar distributions that are solutions of the Yang-Mills-Einstein-Dirac coupled field equations, on fluid membranes with finite tension. Their solutions characterize MGD Yang-Mills-Dirac stars, whose mass has order of the Chandrasekhar mass, once the range of both the fermionic self-interaction and the Yang-Mills coupling constants is suitably chosen. Physical features of MGD Yang-Mills-Dirac stars are then discussed, and their ADM mass are derived, as a function o…
We investigate the possibility that the modified Yang-Mills theories can produce an accelerated cosmic expansion. We take into account some specific non-trivial solution of the modified Yang-Mills equation obtained by the author earlier, which allows us to build several modifications of accelerated cosmic expansion.
Using Hamilton-Jacobi formalism we investigated the massive Yang-Mills theory on both extended and reduced phase-space. The integrability conditions were discussed and the actions were calculated.
We study the four-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills black hole in the presence of Dirac fermion field. Assuming a spherically symmetric static asymptotically flat black hole spacetime we consider both massless and massive fermion fields. The (4+1)-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills system effectively reducing to Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs-dilaton model, was also taken into account. One finds that fermion vacuum leads to the destruction of black holes in question.
The S-matrix in quantum Yang-Mills gravity with translation gauge symmetry in flat space-time is investigated. We obtain the generating functional of Green's functions, i.e., the vacuum-to-vacuum amplitude, for Yang-Mills gravity. The unitarity and gauge invariance of the S-matrix in a class of gauge conditions is preserved by massless ghost vector fields.
We construct new axially symmetric solutions of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in a four dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime. Possessing nonvanishing nonabelian charges, these regular configurations have also a nonzero angular momentum. Numerical arguments are also presented for the existence of rotating solutions of Einstein-Yang-Mills equations in an asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime.
Two-loop Gell-Mann-Low function is calculated for N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, regularized by higher covariant derivatives. The integrals, which define it, are shown to be reduced to total derivatives and can be easily calculated analytically.
A generalization of the two-dimensional Yang-Mills and generalized Yang-Mills theory is introduced in which the building B-F theory is nonlocal in the auxiliary field. The classical and quantum properties of this nonlocal generalization are investigated and it is shown that for large gauge groups, there exist a simple correspondence between the properties a nonlocal theory and its corresponding local theory.
Using an infinite number of fields, we construct actions for D=4 self-dual Yang-Mills with manifest Lorentz invariance and for D=10 super-Yang-Mills with manifest super-Poincaré invariance. These actions are generalizations of the covariant action for the D=2 chiral boson which was first studied by McClain, Wu, Yu and Wotzasek.
For the general renormalizable N=1 supersymmetric Yang--Mills theory, regularized by higher covariant derivatives, a two-loop beta-function is calculated. It is shown that all integrals, needed for obtaining this function, can be easily calculated, because they are integrals of total derivatives.
Higher derivative terms in the effective action of certain Yang-Mills theories can be severely constrained by supersymmetry. We show that requiring sixteen supersymmetries in quantum mechanical gauge theory determines the $v^6$ term in the effective action. Even the numerical coefficient of the $v^6$ term is fixed in terms of lower derivative terms in the effective action.
An explicit canonical transformation is constructed to relate the physical subspace of Yang-Mills theory to the phase space of the ADM variables of general relativity. This maps 3+1 dimensional Yang-Mills theory to local evolution of metrics on 3 manifolds.
We will discuss an integrable structure for weakly coupled superconformal Yang-Mills theories, describe certain equivalences for the Yangian algebra, and fill a technical gap in our previous study of this subject.
The planar Yang-Mills theory in three spatial dimensions is examined in a particular representation which explicitly embodies factorization. The effective planar Yang-Mills theory Hamiltonian is constructed in this representation.
The phenomena of emergent fuzzy geometry and noncommutative gauge theory from Yang-Mills matrix models is briefly reviewed. In particular, the eigenvalues distributions of Yang-Mills matrix models in lower dimensions in the commuting (matrix or Yang-Mills) phase of these models are discussed.
Recent developments in the determination of the planar S-matrix of N=4 Super Yang-Mills are closely related to its Yangian symmetry. Here we provide evidence for a yet unobserved additional symmetry: the Yangian level-one helicity operator.
The BCFW recursion relation in $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills theory is solved using Yang-Baxter $R$-operators in the NMHV sector. Explicit expressions for $\mathcal{R}$-invariants are obtained in terms of the chains of $R$-operators acting on an appropriate basic state.
We generalize the proof of the non-renormalization of the four derivative operators in ${\cal N}=4$ Yang Mills theory with gauge group SU(2) to show that certain terms with 2N derivatives are not renormalized in the theory with gauge group SU(N). These terms may be determined exactly by a simple perturbative computation. Similar results hold for finite ${\cal N}=2$ theories. We comment on the implications of these results.
The large-N behavior of Yang-Mills and generalized Yang-Mills theories in the double-scaling limit is investigated. By the double-scaling limit, it is meant that the area of the manifold on which the theory is defined, is itself a function of N. It is shown that phase transitions of different orders occur, depending on the functional dependence of the area on N. The finite-size scalings of the system are also investigated. Specifically, the dependence of the dominant representation on A, for large but finite N is determined.
We present new relations for scattering amplitudes of color ordered gluons and gravitons in Einstein-Yang-Mills theory. Tree-level amplitudes of arbitrary multiplicities and polarizations involving up to three gravitons and up to two color traces are reduced to partial amplitudes of pure Yang-Mills theory. In fact, the double-trace identities apply to Einstein-Yang-Mills extended by a dilaton and a B-field. Our results generalize recent work of Stieberger and Taylor for the single graviton case with a single color trace. As the derivation is made in the dimension-agnostic Cachazo-He-Yuan forma…
Contribution of matter fields to the Gell-Mann-Low function for N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, regularized by higher covariant derivatives, is obtained using Schwinger-Dyson equations and Slavnov-Tailor identities. A possible deviation of the result from the corresponding contribution in the exact Novikov, Shifman, Vainshtein and Zakharov $β$-function is discussed.
We analyze in an effective Lagrangian framework the connection between Super QCD (Super Yang Mills) and QCD (Yang Mills) by highlighting the crucial role that the zero modes play in the process of decoupling gluinos and squarks.
We show that the solutions of SU(2) Yang-Mills-dilation and Einstein-Yang-Mills-dilaton theories described in a sequence of papers by Kleihaus and Kunz are not regular in the gauge field part.
The existence of a "bonus" U(1) level-one Yangian symmetry of N=4 super-Yang-Mills has recently been proposed. We provide evidence for this proposal by constructing the BRST-invariant nonlocal charge in the pure spinor sigma model corresponding to this bonus level-one symmetry. We also construct analogous charges for bonus U(1) symmetries at all odd levels of the Yangian.
We present an action for noncommutative supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in ten-dimensions, and confirm its invariance under supersymmetry. We next add higher-order derivative terms to such a noncommutative supersymmetric action. These terms contain fields as high as the quartic order. This resulting action can be regarded as supersymmetric generalization of noncommutative non-Abelian Dirac-Born-Infeld action. Some ambiguities related to field redefinitions are also clarified.
Canonical forms are given for the nilpotent BRS operator $\d$ and the covariant `loop space' derivative ${\cal D}_{\m}$ for the p-brane fields for all odd p. The defining characteristic of ${\cal D}_{\m}$ is that it is a functional derivative operator which generalizes the ordinary functional derivative and also commutes with $\d$. Methods of construction for the canonical forms are discussed.
We define a natural generalized symmetry of the Yang-Mills equations as an infinitesimal transformation of the Yang-Mills field, built in a local, gauge invariant, and Poincaré invariant fashion from the Yang-Mills field strength and its derivatives to any order, which maps solutions of the field equations to other solutions. On the jet bundle of Yang-Mills connections we introduce a spinorial coordinate system that is adapted to the solution subspace defined by the Yang-Mills equations. In terms of this coordinate system the complete classification of natural symmetries is carried out in a st…
For semisimple groups, possibly multiplied by U(1)'s, the number of Yang-Mills gauge fields is equal to the number of generators of the group. In this paper, it is shown that, for non-semisimple groups, the number of Yang-Mills fields can be larger. These additional Yang-Mills fields are not irrelevant because they appear in the gauge transformations of the original Yang-Mills fields. Such non-semisimple Yang-Mills theories may lead to physical consequences worth studying. The non-semisimple group with only two generators that do not commute is studied in detail.
Contour gauges are discussed in the framework of canonical formalism. We find flux operator algebras with the structure constants of underlying Yang-Mills theory.
I articulate and discuss a geometrical interpretation of Yang-Mills theory. Analogies and disanalogies between Yang-Mills theory and general relativity are also considered.
Using the Cachazo-He-Yuan (CHY) formalism, we prove a recursive expansion of tree level single trace Einstein-Yang-Mills (EYM) amplitudes with arbitrary number of gluons and gravitons, which is valid for general spacetime dimensions and any helicity configurations. The recursion is written in terms of fewer-graviton EYM amplitudes and pure Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes, which can be further carried out until we reach an expansion in terms of pure YM amplitudes in Kleiss-Kuijf (KK) basis. Our expansion then generates naturally a spanning tree structure rooted on gluons whose vertices are gravitons…
This article contains lecture notes of M. Shifman from the Saalburg Summer School 2004. The topic is supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, in particular the gluino condensate in pure SUSY gluodynamics.
We construct a four-parameter class of self-dual instanton solutions of the classical SU(2)-Yang-Mills equations in a closed Euclidean Robertson-Walker space-time.
Using the first order formalism (BFYM) of the Yang-Mills theory we show that it displays an embedded topological sector corresponding to the field content of the Topological Yang-Mills theory (TYM). This picture arises after a proper redefinition of the fields of BFYM and gives a clear representation of the non perturbative part of the theory in terms of the topological sector. In this setting the calculation of the $vev$ of a YM observable is translated into the calculation of a corresponding (non topological) quantity in TYM. We then compare the topological observables of TYM with a similar …
We discuss a non-minimal Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs model with uniaxial anisotropy in the group space associated with the Higgs field. We apply this theory to the problem of propagation of color and color-acoustic waves in the gravitational background related to the non-minimal regular Wu-Yang monopole.
The large-group behavior of the nonlocal YM$_2$'s and gYM$_2$'s on a cylinder or a disk is investigated. It is shown that this behavior is similar to that of the corresponding local theory, but with the area of the cylinder replaced by an effective area depending on the dominant representation. The critical areas for nonlocal YM$_2$'s on a cylinder with some special bounary conditions are also obtained.
Recently, Witten proposed a topological string theory in twistor space that is dual to a weakly coupled gauge theory. In this lectures we will discuss aspects of the twistor string theory. Along the way we will learn new things about Yang-Mills scattering amplitudes. The string theory sheds light on Yang-Mills perturbation theory and leads to new methods for computing Yang-Mills scattering amplitudes.
It is known that the Yangian of PSU(2,2|4) is a symmetry of the tree-level S-matrix of N=4 super Yang-Mills. On the other hand, the complete one-loop dilatation operator in the same theory commutes with the level-one Yangian generators only up to certain boundary terms found by Dolan, Nappi and Witten. Using a result by Zwiebel, we show how the Yangian symmetry of the tree-level S-matrix of N=4 super Yang-Mills implies precisely the Yangian invariance, up to boundary terms, of the one-loop dilatation operator.
We propose $N=2$ holomorphic Yang-Mills theory on compact Kähler manifolds and show that there exists a simple mapping from the $N=2$ topological Yang-Mills theory. It follows that intersection parings on the moduli space of Einstein-Hermitian connections can be determined by examining the small coupling behavior of the $N=2$ holomorphic Yang-Mills theory. This paper is a higher dimensional generalization of the Witten's work on physical Yang-Mills theory in two dimensions.
We conjecture that every rational Yangian invariant in N=4 SYM theory satisfies a recently introduced notion of cluster adjacency. We provide evidence for this conjecture by using the Sklyanin Poisson bracket on Gr(4,n) to check numerous examples.
The self-duality Yang-Mills equations in pseudoeuclidean spaces of dimensions $d\leq 8$ are investigated. New classes of solutions of the equations are found. Extended solutions to the D=10, N=1 supergravity and super Yang-Mills equations are constructed from these solutions.
Strongly self-dual Yang-Mills fields in even dimensional spaces are characterised by a set of constraints on the eigenvalues of the Yang-Mills fields $F_{μν}$. We derive a topological bound on ${\bf R}^8$, $\int_{M} ( F,F )^2 \geq k \int_{M} p_1^2$ where $p_1$ is the first Pontrjagin class of the SO(n) Yang-Mills bundle and $k$ is a constant. Strongly self-dual Yang-Mills fields realise the lower bound.
We write a gravity theory with Yang-Mills type action using the biconformal gauging of the conformal group. We show that the resulting biconformal Yang-Mills gravity theories describe 4-dim, scale-invariant general relativity in the case of slowly changing fields. In addition, we systematically extend arbitrary 4-dim Yang-Mills theories to biconformal space, providing a new arena for studying flat space Yang-Mills theories. By applying the biconformal extension to a 4-dim pure Yang-Mills theory with conformal symmetry, we establish a 1-1, onto mapping between a set of gravitational gauge theor…
We investigate Yang-Mills instantons on a 7-dimensional manifold of G_2 holonomy. By proposing a spherically symmetric ansatz for the Yang-Mills connection, we have ordinary differential equations as the reduced instanton equation, and give some explicit and numerical solutions.
The analysis in previous publications of the instanton constraints required to produce a finite action of the theory is carried out also for N=2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory.
Non-commutative supersymmetric Yang-Mills with rational Theta is dual to an ordinary supersymmetric Yang-Mills with a 't Hooft flux. It is believed that the simplest description is via the ordinary supersymmetric Yang-Mills. We claim, however, that the two descriptions form a hierarchy. The SYM description is the proper description in the ultra violet while the non-commutative description takes over in the infra red.
We consider a Yang-Mills theory in loop space with an affine Lie gauge group. The Chapline-Manton coupling, the coupling between Yang-Mills fields and an abelian antisymmetric tensor field of second rank via the Chern-Simons term, is systematically derived within the framework of the Yang-Mills theory. The generalized Chapline-Manton couplings, the couplings among non-abelian tensor fields of second rank, Yang-Mills fields, and an abelian tensor field of third rank, are also derived by applying the non-linear realization method to the Yang-Mills theory. These couplings are accompanied by {\it …
