通过跳变幅度实现量子化：薛定谔方程和自由QED
Quantization via hopping amplitudes: Schroedinger equation and free QED
摘要：
薛定谔方程的标量和矢量的潜力被证明是描述“什么都没有，但”跳跃的量子粒子在晶格上的任何空间变化的跳跃幅度的行为就像一个外部的电场和/或磁场。论证的要点是状态向量的叠加原理;拉格朗日量、路径积分或经典哈密顿量不是（！）必需的.类似地，如果施加规范不变性和C、P对称性，则自由电磁场的哈密顿量可作为Z（N）链位形空间中幺正跳跃的双重连续极限得到。
英文摘要：
Schroedinger's equation with scalar and vector potentials is shown to describe "nothing but" hopping of a quantum particle on a lattice; any spatial variation of the hopping amplitudes acts like an external electric and/or magnetic field. The main point of the argument is the superposition principle for state vectors; Lagrangians, path integrals, or classical Hamiltonians are not (!) required. Analogously, the Hamiltonian of the free electromagnetic field is obtained as a twofold continuum limit of unitary hopping in Z(N) link configuration space, if gauge invariance and C and P symmetries are imposed.
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