解开量子地毯：行波方法
Unravelling quantum carpets: a travelling wave approach
摘要：
量子地毯是在一维量子粒子的概率分布P（x，t）中形成的一般时空模式，于1995年首次发现。对于无限深方势阱的情形，用P（x，t）的行波分解给出了详细的定量解释.每个波直接产生P（x，t）沿波传播的（量子化）时空方向的时间平均结构。的分解导致新的预测的位置，宽度深度和地毯结构的形状，结果也适用于由周期性光栅衍射的光和量子旋转器。证明了波与粒子初态的维格纳函数之间的简单联系，并给出了更一般势的一些结果。
英文摘要：
Quantum carpets are generic spacetime patterns formed in the probability distributions P(x,t) of one-dimensional quantum particles, first discovered in 1995. For the case of an infinite square well potential, these patterns are shown to have a detailed quantitative explanation in terms of a travelling-wave decomposition of P(x,t). Each wave directly yields the time-averaged structure of P(x,t) along the (quantised)spacetime direction in which the wave propagates. The decomposition leads to new predictions of locations, widths depths and shapes of carpet structures, and results are also applicable to light diffracted by a periodic grating and to the quantum rotator. A simple connection between the waves and the Wigner function of the initial state of the particle is demonstrated, and some results for more general potentials are given.
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