量子测量打破洛伦兹对称性
Quantum measurement breaks Lorentz symmetry
摘要：
传统上，原因先于结果，但根据现代物理学，事情并不那么简单。狭义相对论表明，“之前”和“之后”是相对的，而量子测量则更为微妙。由于贝尔定理的非定域性，人们知道量子测量与狭义相对论有着不稳定的关系，而狭义相对论被Shimony描述为“和平共存”。哈代定理说，量子测量需要一个优选的洛伦兹框架。该定理的最初证明依赖于不存在反向因果关系，即使在量子水平上也是如此。在quant-ph/9803044中，删除了该条件。它只要求具有经典输入和输出的系统没有因果循环。在这里，条件被进一步削弱：不应该有文本中定义的禁止的因果循环。该理论依赖于传递函数分析，在应用于特定系统之前详细介绍。
英文摘要：
Traditionally causes come before effects, but according to modern physics things aren't that simple. Special relativity shows that `before' and `after' are relative, and quantum measurement is even more subtle. Since the nonlocality of Bell's theorem, it has been known that quantum measurement has an uneasy relation with special relativity, described by Shimony as `peaceful coexistence'. Hardy's theorem says that quantum measurement requires a preferred Lorentz frame. The original proofs of the theorem depended on there being no backward causality, even at the quantum level. In quant-ph/9803044 this condition was removed. It was only required that systems with classical inputs and outputs had no causal loops. Here the conditions are weakened further: there should be no forbidden causal loops as defined in the text. The theory depends on a transfer function analysis, which is introduced in detail before application to specific systems.
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