Nonlocality, Counterfactual, and Consistent Histories
Henry P. Stapp
本文发展了一种完全在量子原理框架内的模态逻辑，然后在量子思维框架内，特别是在不调用“隐变量”的情况下，证明了一个Bell型非定域性结果。
The paper develops a version of modal logic that stays completely within the framework provided by quantum principles, and then proves, within the framework of quantum thinking, and in particular without invoking "hidden variables", a Bell-type nonlocality result.
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Contextuality, Nonlocality and Counterfactual Arguments
在本文中，遵循一种与通常思路稍有不同的基本思路，我们再次证明了任何预言等价于量子力学的确定性理论都必然表现出上下文性质。采用这一观点的目的是为在处理非定域物理过程时使用反事实论点的批判性分析铺平道路。
Redefintions of Histories by Measurements - An Explanation of "Nonlocality" Observed in EPR-Bohm Experiments
在标准量子力学的框架中证明了，选择不同的系综出现从测量的一个可观察的导致识别相应的减少的初始，预先测量的状态。这解决了EPR-玻姆型实验中观察到的“非定域性”问题。
Quantum Counterfactuals and Locality
Stapp基于Hardy纠缠态的量子非定域性的反事实论证被证明是有缺陷的。虽然他正确地分析了一个特定的框架使用的方法一致的历史，有替代框架不支持他的论点。量子反事实论点的框架依赖性，与经典反事实中的类似物，削弱了量子世界中存在非定域（超光速）影响的主张。相反，它表明，反事实的论点是有限的使用分析这些问题。
I purport to show why old and new claims on the role of counterfactual reasoning for the EPR argument and the Bell theorem are unjustified: once the logical relation between locality and counterfactual reasoning is clarified, the use of the latter does no harm and the nonlocality result can well follow from the EPR premises. To show why, I critically review (i) incompleteness arguments that Einstein developed before the EPR paper, and (ii) more recent claims that equate the use of counterfactual reasoning with the assumption of a strong form of realism.
Delayed-choice measurement and temporal nonlocality
利用时间贝尔不等式，研究了具有量子图灵结构的复合量子系统的量子力学的时间非定域性.然而，对量子系统的直接"观测“不会导致对时间贝尔不等式的违反，也不会导致任何子系统的一致历史。然而，对于延迟选择测量，可以证明它的违反。
Weak Values and Consistent Histories in Quantum Theory
得到了量子可观测量的弱值与量子事件历史的一致性判据之间的关系。它表明，“奇怪”的投影算子（如值小于零）的弱值总是对应于不一致的家庭的历史。有人认为，使用ABL规则来获得对应于这些奇怪的弱值的反事实测量的概率给出了不一致的结果。这个问题被证明是补救使用的条件权重，或伪概率，从Luders规则的多次应用。有人认为，反向因果关系的假设（一种形式的时间对称性）意味着弱值获得，在一个有限的意义上，在弱测量的时间，以及在后选择的时间。最后，有人认为，弱值更适当的特点是多时间的振幅比期望值，因此可以说很少的反事实的问题。
In a recent paper, arXiv:1604.04596, Griffiths questioned - based on an informative consistent-histories (CH) argument - the counterfactuality, for one of the bit choices, of Salih et al.'s protocol for communicating without sending physical particles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 170502 (2013). Here, we first show that for the Mach-Zehnder version used to explain our protocol, no family of consistent histories exists where any history has the photon travelling through the communication channel, thus rendering the question of whether the photon was in the communication channel meaningless from a CH v…
Quantum Apices: Identifying Limits of Entanglement, Nonlocality, & Contextuality
这项工作开发了分析方法，以定量地划分量子现实的经典现象的子集，以及从一般概率理论的超集。对于量子非定域性，我们讨论了如何确定Bell型线性不等式的量子极限。与半定规划方法相比，我们的方法允许考虑抽象权重的不等式，通过利用量子态的厄米性。认识到经典的相关性对应于可分离状态的测量，我们还介绍了一个实用的方法，获得足够的可分性标准。我们特别审查了驱动和非驱动超辐射作为纠缠产生模式的候选资格。最后，我们回顾了目前的量子上下文的方法，强调非本地和上下文量子统计之间的操作区别。我们利用我们的抽象加权线性量子边界，明确地证明了一组条件概率分布，同时兼容量子上下文，而不兼容量子非局域性。值得注意的是，这种新的统计制度意味着一个实验可检验的目标一致的历史理论的量子引力。
The Meaning of Elements of Reality and Quantum Counterfactuals -- Reply to Kastner
本文是对Kastner [Found. Phys.，即将出版，quant-ph/9807037]，其中她继续在时间对称的量子理论的框架内批评Aharonov-Bergman-Lebowitz规则的反事实用法，特别是通过分析三个盒子的"悖论“。有人认为这种批评是站不住脚的。解释了三盒例子的特殊性。它解释说，在时间对称的量子理论的框架中，现实的元素是反事实的陈述，因此，即使是相互冲突的现实元素也可以与单个粒子相关联。它表明如何“反事实”的现实元素可以是有用的物理实验（三个盒子的例子）的分析。Kastner的应用程序的一致性历史方法的时间对称的反事实的有效性受到质疑。
The New Quantum Logic
它显示了如何所有的主要概念困难的标准（教科书）量子力学，包括两个测量问题和与狭义相对论相冲突的（假定的）非定域性问题，在量子力学的相容或退相干历史解释中得到解决，用一种改进的量子逻辑形式讨论量子性质（量子希尔伯特空间的子空间），并把量子时间的发展作为一个随机过程。历史的方法反过来又引起了一些概念上的困难，特别是正确选择的框架（概率样本空间）或家庭的历史，这些进行了讨论。中心问题是，唯一性原理，即存在唯一的对世界的唯一真实描述的想法，与我们目前对量子力学的理解不相容。
Although regarded today as an important resource in quantum information, nonlocality has yielded over the years many conceptual conundrums. Among the latter are nonlocal aspects of single particles which have been of major interest. In this paper, the nonlocality of single quanta is studied in a square nested Mach-Zehnder interferometer with spatially separated detectors using a delayed choice modification of quantum measurement outcomes that depend on the complex-valued weak values. We show that if spacelike separated Bob and Alice are allowed to freely control their quantum devices, the geom…
Deterministic Underlying States are incompatible with a Counterfactual account of Lüders' rule
本文证明确定性本征态模型与卢德斯规则的反事实解释不相容，因条件概率更新要求本体模型必须满足兼容性与模型存在性的等价关系。
It is shown that when properly analyzed using principles consistent with the use of a Hilbert space to describe microscopic properties, quantum mechanics is a local theory: one system cannot influence another system with which it does not interact. Claims to the contrary based on quantum violations of Bell inequalities are shown to be incorrect. A specific example traces a violation of the CHSH Bell inequality in the case of a spin-3/2 particle to the noncommutation of certain quantum operators in a situation where (non)locality is not an issue. A consistent histories analysis of what quantum …
Reply to "Counterfactual communication not achieved yet -- A Comment on Salih et al. (2022)"
本文回应Popescu对反事实通信论文的质疑，澄清协议针对后选择粒子，并依据弱迹与一致历史判据从理论和实验上捍卫无粒子交换通信的结论。
Quantum nonlocality: no, yes, how and why
该研究探讨了量子非局域性的存在，通过理论模型和计算机模拟，解释了非局域性如何产生及其与相对论的兼容性。
In 1960, the mathematician Ernst Specker described a simple example of nonclassical correlations which he dramatized using a parable about a seer who sets an impossible prediction task to his daughter's suitors. We revisit this example here, using it as an entree to three central concepts in quantum foundations: contextuality, Bell-nonlocality, and complementarity. Specifically, we show that Specker's parable offers a narrative thread that weaves together a large number of results, including: the impossibility of measurement-noncontextual and outcome-deterministic ontological models of quantum…
Eighty years ago Einstein demonstrated that a particular interpretation of the reduction of wave function led to a paradox and that this paradox disappeared if statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics was adopted. According to the statistical interpretation a wave function describes only an ensemble of identically prepared physical systems. Searching for an intuitive explanation of long range correlations between outcomes of distant measurements, performed on pairs of physical systems prepared in a spin singlet state, John Bell analysed local realistic hidden variable models and proved …
What is the true meaning of quantum superposition? Can a particle genuinely reside in several places simultaneously? These questions lie at the heart of this paper which presents an updated survey of some important stages in the evolution of the three-boxes paradox, as well as novel conclusions drawn from it. We begin with the original thought experiment of Aharonov and Vaidman, and proceed to its non-counterfactual version. The latter was recently realized by Okamoto and Takeuchi using a quantum router. We then outline a dynamic version of this experiment, where a particle is shown to "disapp…
Evidence for Counterfactual Violation of Local Conservation Laws in Quantum Events
该研究通过光学实验提供量子事件违反局域动量守恒的反事实证据，发现超振荡区域提取的光子平均横向动量与守恒界限不符，高动量光子速率超预测，或为不依赖纠缠的新型量子非局域性首个实例。
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