光密介质中辐射原子-原子相互作用：Lorentz-Lorenz公式的量子修正
Radiative atom-atom interactions in optically dense media: Quantum corrections to the Lorentz-Lorenz formula
摘要：
在考虑原子-原子非合作辐射相互作用的情况下，导出了适用于光学稠密介质的广义单原子Maxwell-Bloch方程。应用高斯近似和正式消除的自由度的量子化辐射场和所有，但探针原子导致一个有效的时间演化算子的探针原子。由原子看到的局域场的平均相干振幅示出由经典的洛伦兹-洛伦兹关系。场的二阶相关性导致描述弛豫或泵浦过程以及由于自发发射光子的多次散射或重吸收而引起的能级位移的术语。在马尔可夫极限下，导出了非线性非局域单原子密度矩阵方程。为了说明量子修正的影响，我们讨论了初始反转的二能级原子的密集系综中的放大自发发射和辐射俘获，以及辐射相互作用对相干驱动系统中的本征光学双稳性的影响。
英文摘要：
Generalized single-atom Maxwell-Bloch equations for optically dense media are derived taking into account non-cooperative radiative atom-atom interactions. Applying a Gaussian approximation and formally eliminating the degrees of freedom of the quantized radiation field and of all but a probe atom leads to an effective time-evolution operator for the probe atom. The mean coherent amplitude of the local field seen by the atom is shown to be given by the classical Lorentz-Lorenz relation. The second-order correlations of the field lead to terms that describe relaxation or pump processes and level shifts due to multiple scattering or reabsorption of spontaneously emitted photons. In the Markov limit a nonlinear and nonlocal single-atom density matrix equation is derived. To illustrate the effects of the quantum corrections we discuss amplified spontaneous emission and radiation trapping in a dense ensemble of initially inverted two-level atoms and the effects of radiative interactions on intrinsic optical bistability in coherently driven systems.
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