光子的迷思
The myth of the photon
AI总结：
本文论证原子跃迁与参量下转换等实验均可由未量子化Maxwell场作局域实在论解释，指出“光子”概念的误用造成了所谓非局域现象。
摘要：
我们已经表明，在原子跃迁以及非线性光学晶体的参量下转换中产生的所有“单光子”态和“光子对”态，都可以用相关模式振幅集合的正Wigner密度来表示。所有此类态的光场都被表示为未量子化Maxwell方程解的真实概率系综（而非伪系综）。对空间分离探测器中光探测事件的局域实在论分析，需要一种超越当前流行的单模光子理论的探测理论。它还要求我们认识到，探测器效率与信噪比判别之间存在权衡。利用这样一种理论，我们证明了原子级联和参量下转换中的所有实验数据，都具有基于未量子化Maxwell场的一致局域实在论解释。最后，我们讨论了当前为证明与Rydberg原子相互作用的微波腔具有薛定谔猫式行为所做的尝试。在此我们同样证明，不存在无法用未量子化Maxwell场描述的实验证据。我们的结论是，对Photon概念的误用导致了对“非局域”现象的错误认识。
英文摘要：
We have shown that all "single-photon" and "photon-pair" states, produced in atomic transitions, and in parametric down conversion by nonlinear optical crystals, may be represented by positive Wigner densities of the relevant sets of mode amplitudes. The light fields of all such states are represented as a real probability ensemble (not a pseudoensemble) of solutions of the unquantized Maxwell equation. The local realist analysis of light-detection events in spatially separated detectors requires a theory of detection which goes beyond the currently fashionable single-mode photon theory. It also requires us to recognize that there is a payoff between detector efficiency and signal-noise discrimination. Using such a theory, we have demonstrated that all experimental data, both in atomic cascades and in parametric down conversions, have a consistent local realist explanation based on the unquantized Maxwell field. Finally we discuss current attempts to demonstrate Schroedinger-cat-like behaviour of microwave cavities interacting with Rydberg atoms. Here also we demonstrate that there is no experimental evidence which cannot be described by the unquantized Maxwell field. We conclude that misuse of the Photon Concept has resulted in a mistaken recognition of "nonlocal" phenomena.
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