量子力学有助于大海捞针
Quantum Mechanics helps in searching for a needle in a haystack
摘要：
量子力学可以加速一系列对未排序数据的搜索应用。例如，想象一个电话簿，其中包含N个以完全随机顺序排列的名字。要以50%的概率找到某人的电话号码，任何经典算法（无论是确定性的还是概率性的）都需要访问数据库至少O（N）次。量子力学系统可以处于叠加态，同时检查多个名称。通过适当调整各种操作的阶段，成功的计算相互加强，而其他的随机干扰。因此，只需O（sqrt（N））次访问数据库就可以获得所需的电话号码。
英文摘要：
Quantum mechanics can speed up a range of search applications over unsorted data. For example imagine a phone directory containing N names arranged in completely random order. To find someone's phone number with a probability of 50%, any classical algorithm (whether deterministic or probabilistic) will need to access the database a minimum of O(N) times. Quantum mechanical systems can be in a superposition of states and simultaneously examine multiple names. By properly adjusting the phases of various operations, successful computations reinforce each other while others interfere randomly. As a result, the desired phone number can be obtained in only O(sqrt(N)) accesses to the database.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
