arXiv quant-ph/96110161996-11-12quant-ph

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen关联的动力学约化理论和CP破坏的可能起源

A Dynamical Reduction Theory of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Correlations and a Possible Origin of CP Violations

Daniel I. Fivel

备注：: 30 pages, 0 figures, LaTeX
DOI：: 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.146

摘要：

我们发现，基本上只有一种方法来构建一个随机薛定谔方程，给出了一个动力学帐户的纠缠到因式分解状态的转换，是一致的量子力学和所需的对称性。噪声，非线性项是一个单模标量倍的时间反演算子，必须存在时，在薛定谔方程中的哈密顿项可以区分纠缠态的因子分解成分。纠缠态转化为因子化态的动力学机制解释了爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森关联出现的时间由测量装置的响应决定，与粒子之间的距离无关。对测量装置的响应时间的依赖性可以通过在观察离子阱中的介观“薛定谔猫”态的崩溃中的延迟来测试。它进一步表明，有情况下，两粒子相互作用可以诱导一个非线性项凭借耦合到衰变模式，区分因子化成分的纠缠态。我们表明，这应该发生在中性K介子系统中的纠缠$K_L$状态被轻微地推向一个因式分解的成分（$K_o$或$\overline{K_o}$）的方向，作为一个事实的结果，这些可以通过带电轻子在半轻子衰变模式的符号来区分。结果是在实验值的20%以内的CP破坏。

英文摘要：

We show that there is essentially only one way to construct a stochastic Schrodinger equation that gives a dynamical account of the transformation of entangled into factorized states and is consistent both with quantum mechanics and required symmetries. The noisy, non-linear term is a unimodular scalar multiple of the time reversal operator that must be present whenever a Hamiltonian term in the Schrodinger equation can distinguish the factorized constituents of an entangled state. The dynamical mechanism involved in the transformation of entangled into factorized states provides an explanation for the fact that Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations appear in a time determined by the response of the measuring device and independent of the distance between the particles. The dependence on the response time of the measuring device may be testable through a delay in observing the collapse of mesoscopic ``Schrodinger cat" states in ion traps. It is further shown that there are situations where a two-particle interaction can induce a non-linear term by virtue of coupling to decay modes that distinguish factorized constituents of an entangled state. We show that this should happen in the neutral K-meson system where the entangled $K_L$ state is pushed slightly in the direction of a factorized constituent ($K_o$ or $\overline{K_o}$) as a consequence of the fact that these can be distinguished via the sign of the charged lepton in a semi-leptonic decay mode. The result is a CP violation that is within 20% of the experimental value.

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