量子技术的新数学工具
New Mathematical Tools for Quantum Technology
摘要：
制造技术的进步使我们能够以比以往更小、更快的规模探测设备的行为。随着小型化程度的提高，量子效应开始主导这些器件的输运性质，在碰撞之间，载流子在局部电场和磁场的影响下经历弹道运动。量子弹道输运经常令人惊讶的性质目前在干净的原子物理学实验中得到阐明。从理论的观点来看，电子动力学是由弹道传播子和格林函数所支配的，这是经典力学和量子力学交叉处的有趣的量。在这里，我们简要地介绍了传播子方法，一些弹道格林函数，以及它们在原子和固体物理，如光剥离，原子激光器，扫描隧道显微镜，和量子霍尔效应的各种问题的应用。
英文摘要：
Progress in manufacturing technology has allowed us to probe the behavior of devices on a smaller and faster scale than ever before. With increasing miniaturization, quantum effects come to dominate the transport properties of these devices, between collisions, carriers undergo ballistic motion under the influence of local electric and magnetic fields. The often surprising propertiesof quantum ballistic transport are currently elucidated in clean atomic physics experiments. From a theoretical viewpoint, theelectron dynamics is governed by ballistic propagators and Green functions, intriguing quantities at the crossroads of classical and quantum mechanics. Here, we briefly describe the propagator method, some ballistic Green functions, and their application in a diverse range of problems in atomic and solid state physics, such as photodetachment, atom lasers, scanning tunneling microscopy, and the quantum Hall effect.
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