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可逆量子运算与量子态的完全加密

Invertible Quantum Operations and Perfect Encryption of Quantum States

Ashwin Nayak, Pranab Sen

摘要:

在本文中,我们刻画了可逆量子操作的形式,即,完全正的迹保持线性变换(CPTP映射),其逆也是CPTP映射。这种映射的精确形式在自测试和加密等环境中变得非常重要。我们表明,这些地图对应于应用幺正变换的状态,以及一个附属初始化为一个固定的状态,这可能是混合的。可逆量子操作的特征意味着,使用经典密钥加密量子态的单向方案可能比Ambainis、Mosca、Tapp和de Wolf(FOCS 2000)研究的"私有量子信道“更一般一些。尽管如此,我们表明,他们的结果,最值得注意的是2n位的密钥加密n量子位的下限,以一种简单的方式扩展到一般情况。

英文摘要:

In this note, we characterize the form of an invertible quantum operation, i.e., a completely positive trace preserving linear transformation (a CPTP map) whose inverse is also a CPTP map. The precise form of such maps becomes important in contexts such as self-testing and encryption. We show that these maps correspond to applying a unitary transformation to the state along with an ancilla initialized to a fixed state, which may be mixed. The characterization of invertible quantum operations implies that one-way schemes for encrypting quantum states using a classical key may be slightly more general than the ``private quantum channels'' studied by Ambainis, Mosca, Tapp and de Wolf (FOCS 2000). Nonetheless, we show that their results, most notably a lower bound of 2n bits of key to encrypt n quantum bits, extend in a straightforward manner to the general case.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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