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arXiv quant-ph/0601118quant-ph
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N光子态的时间分辨性及其量子干涉表征

Temporal Distinguishability of an N-Photon State and Its Characterization by Quantum Interference

Z. Y. Ou

摘要:

我们提出了一个多模模型来描述一个任意的N光子态,它具有宽的光谱范围和任意的时间分布。通常,一些$N$光子在时间上散开,而其他光子可能重叠并变得不可区分。从这个模型中,我们发现光子的时间(不)可分辨性与多光子波函数的交换对称性有关。我们发现,简单的多光子探测方案引起了更普遍的光子聚束效应与著名的双光子效应作为一个特殊情况。然后,我们将这个N光子态发送到最近发现的多光子干涉方案中。我们计算了多光子干涉方案的可见度,发现它与$N$光子的时间可分辨性有关。对于不可区分的N-光子状态,实现了最大可见性,而当一些光子被分离并变得可区分时,可见性降低。因此,我们可以确定一个实验上可测量的量,它可以定量地定义N光子态的不可逆性程度。这是量子干涉互补原理的一个定量证明。

英文摘要:

We present a multi-mode model to describe an arbitrary N-photon state with a wide spectral range and some arbitrary temporal distribution. In general, some of the $N$ photons are spread out in time while other may overlap and become indistinguishable. From this model, we find that the temporal (in)distinguishability of photons is related to the exchange symmetry of the multi-photon wave function. We find that simple multi-photon detection scheme gives rise to a more general photon bunching effect with the famous two-photon effect as a special case. We then send this N-photon state into a recently discovered multi-photon interference scheme. We calculate the visibility of the multi-photon interference scheme and find that it is related to the temporal distinguishability of the $N$ photons. Maximum visibility of one is achieved for the indistinguishable N-photon state whereas the visibility degrades when some of the photons are separated and become distinguishable. Thus we can identify an experimentally measurable quantity that may quantitatively define the degree of indistinguishability of an N-photon state. This presents a quantitative demonstration of the complementary principle of quantum interference.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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