基于超快相位门的富勒烯量子比特的Bang-Bang控制
Bang-bang control of fullerene qubits using ultra-fast phase gates
摘要：
量子力学允许一个实体，如原子，同时存在于多个状态的叠加中。量子信息处理（QIP）利用这一深刻的现象以全新的方式操纵信息。所有QIP技术的一个根本挑战是量子位（qubit）通过与环境的相互作用而破坏叠加。量子砰砰控制提供了一种解决方案，通过反复向量子位施加“踢”，从而破坏环境相互作用。然而，井涌操作所需的速度和精度已经成为实验实现的障碍。在这里，我们展示了一个前所未有的速度在富勒烯分子（N@C60）的核自旋量子位的相位门，并使用它来砰砰解耦量子位从强环境相互作用。因此，我们可以将量子比特捕获在布洛赫球上的封闭循环中，或者将其锁定在给定的状态中任意一段时间。我们的程序使用第二个量子位，电子自旋的操作，以产生一个任意的相位的核量子位。我们预计这种方法对QIP技术至关重要，特别是在分子尺度上，其他策略，如电极切换，是不可行的。
英文摘要：
Quantum mechanics permits an entity, such as an atom, to exist in a superposition of multiple states simultaneously. Quantum information processing (QIP) harnesses this profound phenomenon to manipulate information in radically new ways. A fundamental challenge in all QIP technologies is the corruption of superposition in a quantum bit (qubit) through interaction with its environment. Quantum bang-bang control provides a solution by repeatedly applying `kicks' to a qubit, thus disrupting an environmental interaction. However, the speed and precision required for the kick operations has presented an obstacle to experimental realization. Here we demonstrate a phase gate of unprecedented speed on a nuclear spin qubit in a fullerene molecule (N@C60), and use it to bang-bang decouple the qubit from a strong environmental interaction. We can thus trap the qubit in closed cycles on the Bloch sphere, or lock it in a given state for an arbitrary period. Our procedure uses operations on a second qubit, an electron spin, in order to generate an arbitrary phase on the nuclear qubit. We anticipate the approach will be vital for QIP technologies, especially at the molecular scale where other strategies, such as electrode switching, are unfeasible.
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