Tm3 +：YAG中三能级λ系统的实验剪裁
Experimental Tailoring of a Three-Level Lambda System in Tm3+:YAG
摘要：
光与原子系综之间的量子信息传递具有重要的基础和实际意义。在相关的主题中，让我们提到宏观系统的纠缠和退相干，以及长距离量子密码在量子存储器中的应用。虽然第一个实验演示已经在原子蒸气和云中进行，但稀土离子掺杂晶体也是这种过程的有趣介质。在本文中，我们讨论了Tm 3+离子表现为三能级拉姆达系统的能力，这是将光激发转换为无自发发射自旋波的关键成分。实际上，Tm 3+落在可以容易地稳定到所需程度的光源的范围内。在零场超精细结构不存在的情况下，我们在Tm ~（3+）：YAG中施加一个外磁场来提升核自旋简并度。我们实验确定的旋磁张量分量的光谱烧孔技术的帮助下。然后，适当的方向的应用领域，使我们能够优化沿两个腿的lambda的跃迁概率比。由此产生的三能级λ系统应该适合量子信息处理要求。
英文摘要：
Quantum information transfer from light to atom ensembles and vice versa has both basic and practical importance. Among the relevant topics let us mention entanglement and decoherence of macroscopic systems, together with applications to quantum memory for long distance quantum cryptography. Although the first experimental demonstrations have been performed in atomic vapors and clouds, rare earth ion doped crystals are also interesting media for such processes. In this paper we address Tm3+ ions capability to behave as three-level lambda systems, a key ingredient to convert optical excitation into a spontaneous- emission-free spin wave. Indeed Tm3+ falls within reach of light sources that can be stabilized easily to the required degree. In the absence of zero-field hyperfine structure we apply an external magnetic field to lift the nuclear spin degeneracy in Tm3+:YAG. We experimentally determine the gyromagnetic tensor components with the help of spectral hole-burning techniques. Then appropriate orientation of the applied field enables us to optimize the transition probability ratio along the two legs of the lambda. The resulting three-level lambda system should suit quantum information processing requirements.
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