Bahram Mashhoon, Helmut Kaiser
The state of a particle in space and time is characterized by its mass and spin, which therefore determine the inertial properties of the particle. The coupling of intrinsic spin with rotation is examined and the corresponding inertial effects of intrinsic spin are studied. An experiment to measure directly the spin-rotation coupling via neutron interferometry is analyzed in detail.
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The covariant Dirac equation and its solutions show that rotation and acceleration can be used to generate and control spin currents.
We generalise the study of fermionic and bosonic entanglement in non-inertial frames to fields of arbitrary spin and beyond the single mode approximation. After the general analysis we particularise for two interesting cases: entanglement between an inertial and an accelerated observer for massless fields of spin 1 (electromagnetic) and 3/2 (Rarita-Schwinger). We show that in the limit of infinite acceleration, no significant differences appear between the different spin fields for the states considered.
The influence of acceleration and rotation on spintronic applications is theoretically investigated. In our formulation, considering a Dirac particle in a non-inertial frame, different spin related aspects are studied. The spin current appearing due to the inertial spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is enhanced by the interband mixing of the conduction and valence band states. Importantly, one can achieve a large spin current through the $\vec{k}. \vec{p}$ method in this non-inertial frame. Furthermore, apart from the inertial SOC term due to acceleration, for a particular choice of the rotation freque…
Angular momentum conservation has served as a guiding principle in the interplay between spin dynamics and mechanical rotations. However, in an antiferromagnet with vanishing magnetization, new fundamental rules are required to properly describe spin-mechanical phenomena. Here we show that the Néel order dynamics affects the mechanical motion of a rigid body by modifying its inertia tensor in the presence of strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy. This effect depends on temperature when magnon excitations are considered. Such a spin-mechanical inertia can produce measurable consequences at small…
The formula for the correlation function of spin measurements of two particles in two moving inertial frames is derived within Lorentz-covariant quantum-mechanics formulated in the absolute synchronization framework. The results are the first exact Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlation functions obtained for Lorentz-covariant quantum-mechanical system in moving frames under physically acceptable conditions, i.e., taking into account the localization of the particles during the detection and using the spin opeartor with proper transformation properties under the action of the Lorentz group. Some …
Recent developments of technology have enabled atomic spins as the most sensitive inertial and magnetic sensors. Atomic spin gyroscope (magnetometer) essentially outputs the estimate of the inertial rotation rate (magnetic filed) to be measured. Conventional methods for estimating a static or quasi-static inertial rotation rate (magnetic field) employ the dependency relationship between the steady state signal and the input rotation rate (magnetic field). In this paper we present an extended Kalman filter (EKF) method for the atomic spin gyroscope and magnetometer. It is demonstrated that the …
We investigate the Unruh effect on entanglement taking into account the spin degree of freedom of the Dirac field. We analyze spin Bell states in this setting, obtaining their entanglement dependance on the acceleration of one of the partners. Then, we consider simple analogs to the occupation number entangled state |00>+|11>, but with spin quantum numbers for |11> showing that, despite their apparent similitude, while the spinless case is always qubit x qubit, for the spin case acceleration produces a qubit x qu4it state. We also introduce a procedure to consistently erase the spin informatio…
The spin dynamics of the strongly localized, donor-bound electrons in fluorine-doped ZnSe epilayers is studied by pump-probe Kerr rotation techniques. A method exploiting the spin inertia is developed and used to measure the longitudinal spin relaxation time, $T_1$, in a wide range of magnetic fields, temperatures, and pump densities. The $T_1$ time of the donor-bound electron spin of about 1.6 $μ$s remains nearly constant for external magnetic fields varied from zero up to 2.5 T (Faraday geometry) and in a temperature range $1.8-45$ K. The inhomogeneous spin dephasing time, $T_2^*=8-33$ ns, i…
It is suggested that a moving canonical particle interacts with a vacuum regarded as a "soft" cellular space. The interaction results into the emergence of elementary excitations of space - inertons - surrounding the particle. It is assumed that such a motion leads not only to the spatial oscillation of the particle along a path but to the oscillation of the particle centre-of-mass as well. This phenomenon culminating in the anisotropic pulsation of the particle is associated with the notion of spin. The particle-space interaction is treated as the origin of the matter waves, which are identif…
Free Electron Paths from Dirac's Wave Equation Elucidating Zitterbewegung and Spin
通过狄拉克方程揭示自由电子的颤振运动本质，证明其与自旋相关，并与经典模型等价。
Einstein's theory of general relativity and quantum theory form the two major pillars of modern physics. However, certain inertial properties of a particle's intrinsic spin are inconspicuous while the inertial properties of mass are well known. Here, by performing a neutron interferometric experiment, we observe phase shifts arising as a consequence of the spin's coupling with the angular velocity of a rotating magnetic field. The resulting phase shifts linearly depend on the frequency of the rotation of the magnetic field. Our results agree well with the predictions derived from the Pauli - S…
Although there are several proposals of relativistic spin in the literature, the recognition of intrinsicality as a key characteristic for the definition of this concept is responsible for selecting a single tensor operator that adequately describes such a quantity. This intrinsic definition does not correspond to Wigner's spin operator, which is the definition that is widely adopted in the relativistic quantum information theory literature. Here, the differences between the predictions obtained considering the intrinsic spin and Wigner's spin are investigated. The measurements involving the i…
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