量子密钥分发中的广义译码、有效信道和简化安全证明
Generalized decoding, effective channels, and simplified security proofs in quantum key distribution
摘要：
量子密钥分发协议的制备和测量可以分解为两个基本步骤：通过量子信道传输信号和通过经典处理和公开通信从信号和测量记录中提取密钥。在这里，我们正式的蒸馏过程中的一个一般的协议在一个纯粹的量子力学框架，并证明它可以被视为创建一个“有效的”量子信道之间的合法用户爱丽丝和鲍勃。密钥生成的过程可以被看作是使用该信道的纠缠分发，这使得基于纠缠的安全证明能够应用于基本上任何准备和测量协议。为了确保密钥的保密性，Alice和Bob必须能够从密钥中的错误估计信道噪声，并且我们进一步展示了蒸馏过程的对称性如何简化这项任务。应用该方法，我们证明了几个基于等角球码的密钥分配协议的安全性。
英文摘要：
Prepare and measure quantum key distribution protocols can be decomposed into two basic steps: delivery of the signals over a quantum channel and distillation of a secret key from the signal and measurement records by classical processing and public communication. Here we formalize the distillation process for a general protocol in a purely quantum-mechanical framework and demonstrate that it can be viewed as creating an ``effective'' quantum channel between the legitimate users Alice and Bob. The process of secret key generation can then be viewed as entanglement distribution using this channel, which enables application of entanglement-based security proofs to essentially any prepare and measure protocol. To ensure secrecy of the key, Alice and Bob must be able to estimate the channel noise from errors in the key, and we further show how symmetries of the distillation process simplify this task. Applying this method, we prove the security of several key distribution protocols based on equiangular spherical codes.
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