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arXiv quant-ph/0501183quant-phcond-mat.otherhep-th
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相对论电子的自旋输运拓扑

Topological spin transport of relativistic electron

K. Yu. Bliokh

摘要:

从Dirac方程出发,导出了相对论电子的半经典(精度为$\hbar$)运动方程。我们确定了电子极化的演化方程,其中考虑到非阿贝尔Berry相位,和粒子(波包)的轨迹在相空间中的中心的哈密顿方程。该方程具有关于U(2)规范变换的协变形式,并包含与Dirac方程对角化过程中产生的Berry规范场相关的拓扑自旋项。所得到的轨迹方程与传统的轨迹方程(例如,从泡利哈密顿量推导出的轨迹方程)有很大的不同,并且与当代的粒子拓扑自旋输运思想相对应。

英文摘要:

We derive the semiclassical (with accuracy of $\hbar$) motion equation for relativistic electron, which follow from the Dirac equation. We determine both the evolution equation for electron polarization, which takes the non-Abelian Berry phase into account, and Hamiltonian equations for trajectories of the particle (wave packet) center in the phase space. The equations have covariant form with respect to U(2) gauge transformations and contain topological spin terms that are connected to the Berry gauge field arising during the diagonalization of the Dirac equation. The trajectory equations obtained are substantially different from the traditional ones (for instance, those that follow from the Pauli Hamiltonian) and correspond to contemporary ideas of topological spin transport of particles.

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