基于类碰撞模型的开放系统量子动力学描述
Description of quantum dynamics of open systems based on collision-like models
摘要：
Lindblad形式的主方程描述了开放量子系统的演化，它是完全正的，同时具有半群性质。我们分析了一种可能性，从一个内在的离散动力学模型，作为一个给定的量子系统（量子位）与粒子形成的环境之间的碰撞序列推导出这种类型的主方程。为了说明我们的方法，我们详细分析了如何可以从一个类似碰撞的模型，其中特定的碰撞所描述的SWAP和受控非相互作用，分别是一个指数衰减的过程和一个过程的退相干。
英文摘要：
Master equations in the Lindblad form describe evolution of open quantum systems that is completely positive and simultaneously has a semigroup property. We analyze a possibility to derive this type of master equations from an intrinsically discrete dynamics that is modelled as a sequence of collisions between a given quantum system (a qubit) with particles that form the environment. In order to illustrate our approach we analyze in detail how a process of an exponential decay and a process of decoherence can be derived from a collision-like model in which particular collisions are described by SWAP and controlled-NOT interactions, respectively.
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