D. Richard Kuhn
This paper presents a hybrid cryptographic protocol, using quantum and classical resources, to generate a key for authentication and optionally for encryption in a network. One or more trusted servers distribute streams of entangled photons to individual resources that seek to communicate. An important class of cheating by a compromised server will be detected.
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Recently, there are more and more organizations offering quantum-cloud services, where any client can access a quantum computer remotely through the internet. In the near future, these cloud servers may claim to offer quantum computing power out of reach of classical devices. An important task is to make sure that there is a real quantum computer running, instead of a simulation by a classical device. Here we explore the applicability of a cryptographic verification scheme that avoids the need of implementing a full quantum algorithm or requiring the clients to communicate with quantum resourc…
Two-Server Oblivious Transfer for Quantum Messages
针对现有双服务器不经意传输仅支持经典消息的局限，本文提出可处理量子消息的双服务器不经意传输协议，以支持量子网络中的量子信息处理。
We analyze the security of the efficient two-party quantum private comparison protocol with decoy photons and two-photon entanglement. It is shown that the compromised third party (TP) can obtain the final comparison result without introducing any detectable errors in the standard semi-honest model. The attack strategy is discussed in detail and an improvement of this protocol is demonstrated. The idea of our attack might be instructive for the cryptanalysis of quantum cryptographic schemes.
Quantum cloud computing is emerging as a popular model for users to experience the power of quantum computing through the internet, enabling quantum computing as a service. The question is, when the scale of the computational problems becomes out of reach of classical computers, how can users be sure that the output strings sent by the server are really from a quantum hardware? In 2008, Shepherd and Bremner proposed a cryptographic verification protocol based on a simplified circuit model called IQP (instantaneous quantum polynomial-time), which can potentially be applied to most existing quan…
This paper presents a hybrid cryptographic protocol, using quantum and classical resources, for authentication and authorization in a network. One or more trusted servers distribute streams of entangled photons to individual resources that seek to communicate. It is assumed that each resource shares a previously distributed secret key with the trusted server, and that resources can communicate with the server using both classical and quantum channels. Resources do not share secret keys with each other, so that the key distribution problem for the network is reduced from O(n^2) to O(n). Some ad…
Agile cryptography allows for a resource-efficient swap of a cryptographic core in case the security of an underlying classical cryptographic algorithm becomes compromised. Conversely, versatile cryptography allows the user to switch the cryptographic task without requiring any knowledge of its inner workings. In this paper, we suggest how these related principles can be applied to the field of quantum cryptography by explicitly demonstrating two quantum cryptographic protocols, quantum digital signatures (QDS) and quantum secret sharing (QSS), on the same hardware sender and receiver platform…
Although the security of quantum cryptography is provable based on the principles of quantum mechanics, it can be compromised by the flaws in the design of quantum protocols and the noise in their physical implementations. So, it is indispensable to develop techniques of verifying and debugging quantum cryptographic systems. Model-checking has proved to be effective in the verification of classical cryptographic protocols, but an essential difficulty arises when it is applied to quantum systems: the state space of a quantum system is always a continuum even when its dimension is finite. To ove…
Integration of quantum random number generators with post-quantum cryptography algorithms
本文提出将量子随机数发生器通过熵即服务模型集成到基于后量子密码的TLS通信网络中，实验证明其能实现实时熵监测与质量评估，且对TLS握手时间影响可忽略。
Device-Independent Private Quantum Randomness Beacon
针对传统设备无关量子随机数生成协议设备要求严苛的问题，提出基于路由贝尔测试的DIPQRB方案，通过服务器-客户端网络分配设备要求，实现高性价比的安全私密随机数生成。
The phase-coding quantum cryptographic scheme using the homodyne detection and weak coherent state [Hirano et al.,Phys. Rev. A 68, 042331 (2003)] provides the simplest continuous-variable quantum key distribution scheme from the experimental side. However, the inherent loss of the practical system will not only increase the bit error rate (BER) but also affect the security of the final key. In this paper, we propose a single-photon-detection attack, and then the security of the final key will be compromised in some parameter regimes. Our results show that the BER induced by Eve can be lower th…
Modern cryptographic protocols rely on sophisticated hash functions to generate quasi-unique numbers that serve as signatures for user authentication and other security verifications. The security could be compromised by finding texts hash-mappable to identical numbers, forming so-called collision attack. Seeding a disturbance vector in the hash mapping to obtain a successful collision is that a major focus of cryptography study in the past two decades to improve hash protocols. We propose an algorithm that takes advantage of entangled quantum states for concurrent seeding of candidate disturb…
Unifying communication paradigms in measurement-based delegated quantum computing
本文探讨了委托量子计算中两种设置的统一方法，通过实现关键组件将协议从一种设置转换到另一种，揭示了设置依赖的理论约束。
Eavesdropper-Blind Remote State Preparation and Applications to Quantum Public-Key Encryption
本研究提出窃听者盲远程态制备（EB-RSP）原语，构造双消息EB-RSP协议以实现量子公钥加密，并展示现有基于TCF的RSP构造可适配该原语，为陷门无关假设的RSP型原语奠定基础。
Oblivious transfer protocol is a basic building block in cryptography and is used to transfer information from a sender to a receiver in such a way that, at the end of the protocol, the sender does not know if the receiver got the message or not. Since Shor's quantum algorithm appeared, the security of most of classical cryptographic schemes has been compromised, as they rely on the fact that factoring is unfeasible. To overcome this, quantum mechanics has been used intensively in the past decades, and alternatives resistant to quantum attacks have been developed in order to fulfill the (poten…
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