量子力学与社会科学的统计结构
Statistical Structures Underlying Quantum Mechanics and Social Science
摘要：
对人类行为的不可预测性以及一个问题对另一个问题答案的影响的普遍观察表明，社会科学实验是概率性的，并且可能彼此不相容，这些特征归因于量子力学（区别于经典力学）。本文探讨了这种表面上的相似性深入使用Foulis-Randall操作统计语言。与物理学不同的是，社会科学研究的是复杂的开放系统，其中可能的实验集是不可知的，结果干扰是人脑处理信息的方式造成的分级现象。它的结论是，社会科学是，在某些方面，“少经典”比量子力学，但广义的“量子”结构可以提供适当的描述社会科学实验。确定了将“量子”结构扩展到社会科学的具体挑战。
英文摘要：
Common observations of the unpredictability of human behavior and the influence of one question on the answer to another suggest social science experiments are probabilistic and may be mutually incompatible with one another, characteristics attributed to quantum mechanics (as distinguished from classical mechanics). This paper examines this superficial similarity in depth using the Foulis-Randall Operational Statistics language. In contradistinction to physics, social science deals with complex, open systems for which the set of possible experiments is unknowable and outcome interference is a graded phenomenon resulting from the ways the human brain processes information. It is concluded that social science is, in some ways, "less classical" than quantum mechanics, but that generalized "quantum" structures may provide appropriate descriptions of social science experiments. Specific challenges to extending "quantum" structures to social science are identified.
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