纠缠光子态的普适超亮光源：Werner态和最大纠缠混合态的产生和层析分析
Universal ultrabright source of entangled photon states: generation and tomographic analysis of Werner states and of Maximally Entangled Mixed States
摘要：
报道了一种新颖的具有显著空间特性的偏振纠缠光子对超亮参量光源。由自发参量下转换激发并耦合到输出检测器的输出电磁k模的分布可以非常宽。至少在原则上，它可以与相位匹配的激发模式的全集一致。在这种情况下，应该实现相关的条件准纯输出状态。通过这些（近似）态在一个完整的纠缠环输出分布上实现，用标准Bell测量和Ou-Mandel干涉测量测试了所产生纠缠的非局域性质。采用一种基于量子叠加原理的"模拼接"技术，以一种简单、可靠的方式合成了在现代量子信息中具有重要概念和技术意义的任意混合态。可调Werner态和最大纠缠混合态（MEMS）确实已经通过新技术产生，并通过量子层析成像进行了研究。这些状态的熵和非局部性质的一个彻底的研究已经进行了实验和理论，通过统一的变分方法。
英文摘要：
A novel ultrabright parametric source of polarization entangled photon pairs with striking spatial characteristics is reported. The distribution of the output electromagnetic k-modes excited by Spontaneous Parametris Down Conversion and coupled to the output detectors can be very broad. It could coincide with the full set of phase-matched excited modes, at least in principle. In this case a relevant conditional quasi-pure output state should be realized. By these (approximate) states realized over a full Entanglement-Ring output distribution, the non local properties of the generated entanglement has been tested by standard Bell measurements and by Ou-Mandel interferometry. A novel ''mode-patchwork'' technique based on the quantum superposition principle is adopted to synthesize in a straightforward and reliable way any kind of mixed-states, of large conceptual and technological interest in modern Quantum Information. Tunable Werner states and Maximally Entangled Mixed States (MEMS) have indeed been created by the new technique and investigated by quantum tomography. A thorough study of the entropic and nonlocal properties of these states has been undertaken experimentally and theoretically, by a unifying variational approach.
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