分子进化中基因组的选择压力
Selective pressures on genomes in molecular evolution
摘要：
我们将大分子的进化描述为一个信息传递过程，并将香农信息论的工具应用于此，这使我们能够分离出三个独立的、相互竞争的选择压力，我们称之为压缩、传递和中性选择。前两个影响基因组长度：通过压缩代码来节省资源的压力，以及获取额外信息以改善通道的压力，增加信息传输到每个后代的速率。嘈杂的传播渠道（突变复制）产生了第三种压力，作用于信息的实际编码;它最大限度地提高了相对于表型中性的突变比例。这种中性选择对进化性的进化有重要的意义。我们在数字生物的实验中展示了每一种选择压力。
英文摘要：
We describe the evolution of macromolecules as an information transmission process and apply tools from Shannon information theory to it. This allows us to isolate three independent, competing selective pressures that we term compression, transmission, and neutrality selection. The first two affect genome length: the pressure to conserve resources by compressing the code, and the pressure to acquire additional information that improves the channel, increasing the rate of information transmission into each offspring. Noisy transmission channels (replication with mutations) gives rise to a third pressure that acts on the actual encoding of information; it maximizes the fraction of mutations that are neutral with respect to the phenotype. This neutrality selection has important implications for the evolution of evolvability. We demonstrate each selective pressure in experiments with digital organisms.
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