大脑作为量子计算机
Brain as quantum-like computer
摘要：
我们提出了一个在物理学，认知科学和心理学中的量子表示的上下文统计现实模型。我们应用这个模型来描述认知实验，以检查心理过程的量子结构。关键的作用是由概率对心理可观察性的干扰所起的。最近进行了一个基于图像识别的这样的实验。这个实验证实了我们对心灵量子行为的预测。在我们的方法中，“心灵的量子性”与大脑（和任何物质身体一样）是由量子粒子组成的事实没有直接关系。我们发明了一个新的术语“类量子（QL）思维”。认知QL行为的特征在于非零干扰系数$λ.$。该系数可以在统计数据的基础上找到。不仅预测了概率的$\cos θ$-干扰，而且预测了双曲线$\cosh θ$-干扰。物理系统从未观察到这种干扰，但我们不能排除认知系统的这种可能性。我们提出了一个大脑作为QL计算机的模型（讨论了量子计算机和QL计算机之间的差异）。
英文摘要：
We present a contextualist statistical realistic model for quantum-like representations in physics, cognitive science and psychology. We apply this model to describe cognitive experiments to check quantum-like structures of mental processes. The crucial role is played by interference of probabilities for mental observables. Recently one of such experiments based on recognition of images was performed. This experiment confirmed our prediction on quantum-like behaviour of mind. In our approach ``quantumness of mind'' has no direct relation to the fact that the brain (as any physical body) is composed of quantum particles. We invented a new terminology ``quantum-like (QL) mind.'' Cognitive QL-behaviour is characterized by nonzero coefficient of interference $λ.$ This coefficient can be found on the basis of statistical data. There is predicted not only $\cos θ$-interference of probabilities, but also hyperbolic $\cosh θ$-interference. This interference was never observed for physical systems, but we could not exclude this possibility for cognitive systems. We propose a model of brain functioning as QL-computer (there is discussed difference between quantum and QL computers).
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