时钟的准序与同步性及复制定时信息的量子界
Quasi-order of clocks and synchronism and quantum bounds for copying timing information
摘要：
任何具有非平凡时间演化的（经典或量子）系统的统计状态都可以解释为时钟的指针。这种时钟的质量由其在不同时间的状态的统计可重复性给出。如果一个时钟被用作产生另一个时钟的资源，后者最多可以具有该资源的质量。我们表明，这一原则，形式化的准秩序，意味着许多物理过程的约束。类似地，两个（量子或经典）时钟同步的程度可以通过同步的准序来形式化。由于经典时钟只能存在于无限能量的极限中，因此，量子不可克隆和不可广播定理限制了量子定时信息的获取。我们通过比较两个输出系统的Fisher定时信息与输入系统的定时信息来定量地说明这一点。对于经典的信号处理在量子制度，我们的结果意味着，信号失去其本地化的时间，如果它被放大和分布到许多设备。
英文摘要：
The statistical state of any (classical or quantum) system with non-trivial time evolution can be interpreted as the pointer of a clock. The quality of such a clock is given by the statistical distinguishability of its states at different times. If a clock is used as a resource for producing another one the latter can at most have the quality of the resource. We show that this principle, formalized by a quasi-order, implies constraints on many physical processes. Similarly, the degree to which two (quantum or classical) clocks are synchronized can be formalized by a quasi-order of synchronism. Copying timing information is restricted by quantum no-cloning and no-broadcasting theorems since classical clocks can only exist in the limit of infinite energy. We show this quantitatively by comparing the Fisher timing information of two output systems to the input's timing information. For classical signal processing in the quantum regime our results imply that a signal looses its localization in time if it is amplified and distributed to many devices.
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