弱值、量子轨道和石溪腔QED实验
Weak Values, Quantum Trajectories, and the Stony-Brook Cavity QED experiment
摘要：
由Aharonov，Albert和Vaidman（AAV）引入的弱值是弱测量结果的集合平均值。当系综在特定的初始状态上被预选，在特定的最终测量结果上被后选时，它们是有趣的。我表明，弱值自然出现在量子光学，弱测量发生时，一个开放的系统进行监测（如通过光电探测器）。我使用量子轨道理论来推导AAV公式的推广，包括（a）混合初始条件，（b）非幺正演化，（c）广义（非投射）最终测量，（d）非反作用规避弱测量。我把这个理论应用到最近的石溪腔QED实验中，证明了波粒二象性[G. T.洛杉矶福斯特奥罗斯科Castro-Beltran和H.J. Carmichael，Phys. Rev. Lett. {85}，3149（2000）]。我表明，在该实验中测量的“分数”关联函数可以被重铸为弱值，其形式与AAV引入的形式一样简单。
英文摘要：
Weak values as introduced by Aharonov, Albert and Vaidman (AAV) are ensemble average values for the results of weak measurements. They are interesting when the ensemble is preselected on a particular initial state and postselected on a particular final measurement result. I show that weak values arise naturally in quantum optics, as weak measurements occur whenever an open system is monitored (as by a photodetector). I use quantum trajectory theory to derive a generalization of AAV's formula to include (a) mixed initial conditions, (b) nonunitary evolution, (c) a generalized (non-projective) final measurement, and (d) a non-back-action-evading weak measurement. I apply this theory to the recent Stony-Brook cavity QED experiment demonstrating wave-particle duality [G.T. Foster, L.A. Orozco, H.M. Castro-Beltran, and H.J. Carmichael, Phys. Rev. Lett. {85}, 3149 (2000)]. I show that the ``fractional'' correlation function measured in that experiment can be recast as a weak value in a form as simple as that introduced by AAV.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
