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arXiv quant-ph/0105126quant-ph
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隐藏的测量形式主义:什么可以解释,量子悖论仍然存在

The hidden measurement formalism: what can be explained and where quantum paradoxes remain

Diederik Aerts

摘要:

在我们在布鲁塞尔发展的隐藏的测量形式主义中,我们将量子结构解释为由于存在两种效应,(a)在测量的影响下系统状态的真实变化,以及(b)缺乏关于测量过程的更深层次的确定性现实的知识。我们表明,这两种效应的存在导致的量子力学结构的理论的测量包含两个提到的效果的主要部分。我们提出了一个量子机器,在那里我们可以用一种简单的方式说明量子结构是如何作为这两种效应的结果出现的。我们引入了一个参数“λ”,它测量测量过程中缺乏知识的量,通过改变这个参数,我们描述了从量子结构(最大知识缺乏)到经典结构(零知识缺乏)的连续演化。我们发现,对于中间值的π,我们发现一种新的结构类型,既不是量子也不是经典的。我们分析了量子佯谬,并指出它们可以分为两类:(1)测量问题和薛定谔猫佯谬,其中佯谬的方面主要来自标准量子理论作为一般理论的应用(例如,也描述测量仪器)。这种类型的悖论在隐藏的测量形式主义中消失了。(2)第二组收集与非定域性效应有关的悖论(爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森悖论和违反贝尔不等式)。我们表明,这些悖论是内部解决,因为非局部性的影响原来是一个基本属性的隐藏测量形式主义本身。

英文摘要:

In the hidden measurement formalism that we develop in Brussels we explain the quantum structure as due to the presence of two effects, (a) a real change of state of the system under influence of the measurement and, (b) a lack of knowledge about a deeper deterministic reality of the measurement process. We show that the presence of these two effects leads to the major part of the quantum mechanical structure of a theory where the measurements contain the two mentioned effects. We present a quantum machine, where we can illustrate in a simple way how the quantum structure arises as a consequence of the two effects. We introduce a parameter 'epsilon' that measures the amount of the lack of knowledge on the measurement process, and by varying this parameter, we describe a continuous evolution from a quantum structure (maximal lack of knowledge) to a classical structure (zero lack of knowledge). We show that for intermediate values of epsilon we find a new type of structure that is neither quantum nor classical. We analyze the quantum paradoxes and show that they can be divided into two groups: (1) The group (measurement problem and Schrodingers cat paradox) where the paradoxical aspects arise mainly from the application of standard quantum theory as a general theory (e.g. also describing the measurement apparatus). This type of paradox disappears in the hidden measurement formalism. (2) A second group collecting the paradoxes connected to the effect of non-locality (the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox and the violation of Bell inequalities). We show that these paradoxes are internally resolved because the effect of non-locality turns out to be a fundamental property of the hidden measurement formalism itself.

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