G. Jordan Maclay, Heidi Fearn, Peter W. Milonni
In his autobiography Casimir barely mentioned the Casimir effect, but remarked that it is "of some theortical significance." We will describe some aspects of Casimir effects that appear to be of particular significance now, more than half a century after Casimir's famous paper.
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The imperfect termination of static electric fields at semiconducting surfaces has been long known in solid state and transistor physics. We show that the imperfect shielding leads to an offset in the distance between two surfaces as determined by electrostatic force measurements. The effect exists even in the case of good conductors (metals) albeit much reduced.
Using the measured optical response and surface roughness topography as inputs, we perform realistic calculations of the combined effect of Casimir and electrostatic forces on the actuation dynamics of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). In contrast with the expectations, roughness can influence MEMS dynamics even at distances between bodies significantly larger than the root-mean-square roughness. This effect is associated with statistically rare high asperities that can be locally close to the point of contact. It is found that, even though surface roughness appears to have a detrimental…
We formulate the Babinet Principle (BP) as a relation between the scattering amplitudes for electromagnetic waves, and combine it with multiple scattering techniques to derive new properties of Casimir forces. We show that the Casimir force exerted by a planar conductor or dielectric on a self- complementary perforated planar mirror is approximately half that on a uniform mirror independent of the distance between them. The BP suggests that Casimir edge effects are anomalously small, supporting results obtained earlier in special cases. Finally, we illustrate how the BP can be used to estimate…
Casimir effect with dielectric matter in salted water and implications at the cell scale
研究盐水中的Casimir效应，发现电磁波动的普遍贡献在细胞内相关距离上主导非普遍贡献，揭示其在细胞尺度的重要影响。
This paper addresses the excitation of vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field through periodic modulations of a refractive index and the possibility of using entanglement as a distinctive marker of the quantum nature of the phenomenon. It introduces a lossy environment and analyses its implications on the possibility of generating such an effect and measuring entanglement, concluding that it is not entirely destructive when the produced particles share the same environment.
Measurement of the Unusual Dielectric Response to Low-Frequency s-Polarized Evanescent Waves in Metals with {\break} Implications for the Casimir Effect
通过精确测量铜板反射的振荡磁场横向分量，发现实验数据排除了基于 Drude 模型的经典电动力学预测，证明该模型无法完整描述金属对 s 偏振倏逝波的电磁响应，对 Casimir 效应等领域具有重要启示。
Using numerical analytic continuation, we compute the Zeta function for the Casimir Effect for circular geometries in 2+1 dimensions. After subtraction of the simple pole of the zeta function, essentially MS renormalization, we find the Casimir force is repulsive. Implications for the stability of 2+1 dimensional domain walls and Axion membranes in 3+1 dimensions are discussed, especially in the context of strongly coupled underlying physics.
First-principle theory of the Casimir screening effect
本文用有限温度量子场论证明，在平坦理想导电表面间含可移动离子时，离子涨落与电磁涨落独立贡献Casimir力，并强调用Schwinger公式计算零Matsubara频率分量的重要性。
Casimir Forces Across Magnetic Plasmas at Nuclear Separations
本文提出理论并数值研究核尺度下源于真空涨落的磁卡西米尔效应，探讨其诱导磁电子-正电子等离子体所需黑体温度，并分析磁导率对屏蔽卡西米尔-汤川势及类介子质量量的影响。
Dynamical Casimir Effects: The Need for Nonlocality in Time-Varying Dispersive Nanophotonics
本文研究了时变色散纳米光子系统动力学 Casimir 效应中材料的非局域性，指出局域模型会导致纠缠极化子对发射率发散等非物理预测，而非局域性可正则化该行为并揭示发射率分布展宽等局域模型遗漏的物理效应。
Quantum field theoretical framework for the electromagnetic response of graphene and dispersion relations with implications to the Casimir effect
本文基于量子场论极化张量研究石墨烯的非局域电磁响应，证明纵横向介电常数满足Kramers-Kronig色散关系并给出横向双重极点附加项，进而为解决Lifshitz理论与实验冲突提供石墨烯方案。
The Casimir force between two perfectly reflecting parallel plates is considered. In a recent paper we presented generalised physical boundary conditions describing perfectly reflecting parallel plates. These boundary conditions are applicable to a field possessing any spin, and include the well-known spin-1/2 and spin-1 boundary conditions as special cases. Here we use these general boundary conditions to show that the allowed values of energy-momentum turn out to be the same for any massless fermionic field and the same for any massless bosonic field. As a result one expects to obtain only t…
The Casimir effect in graphene systems is reviewed with emphasis made on the large thermal correction to the Casimir force predicted at short separations between the test bodies. The computational results for the Casimir pressure and for the thermal correction are presented for both pristine graphene and real graphene sheets, which possess nonzero energy gap and chemical potential, obtained by means of exact polarization tensor. Two experiments on measuring the gradient of the Casimir force between an Au-coated sphere and graphene- coated substrates performed by using a modified atomic force m…
The presence of finite energy in quantum vacuum has profound implications to physics at the microscopic and macroscopic levels. One of the direct consequences of vacuum energy is the Casimir Force, which is a force of attraction experienced by a pair of infinite planar conductive plates placed in vacuum. Experiments to measure Casimir force have been carried out since the 1950s. This thesis presents a measurement of Casimir force between a flat and a spherical conducting surface using a torsion balance for separations in the range of 1 micron to 8 micron. The details of the construction of the…
We take a closer look at the fundamental Casimir-Polder interaction between quantum particles and dispersive dielectric surfaces with surface polariton or plasmon resonances. Linear response theory shows that in the near field, van der Waals, regime the free energy shift of a particle contains a thermal component that depends exclusively on the population/excitation of the evanescent surface polariton/plasmon modes. Our work makes evident the link between particle surface interaction and near field thermal emission and demonstrates how this can be used to engineer Casimir-Polder forces. We als…
We extend the Lifshitz theory of the Casimir force to the case of two parallel magnetic metal plates possessing a spatially nonlocal dielectric response. By solving Maxwell equations in the configuration of an electromagnetic wave incident on the boundary plane of a magnetic metal semispace, the exact surface impedances are expressed in terms of its magnetic permeability and longitudinal and transverse dielectric functions. This allows application of the Lifshitz theory with reflection coefficients written via the surface impedances for calculation of the Casimir pressure between magnetic meta…
High-Resolution Casimir Force Sensing Across a Superconducting Transition
本研究提出了一种芯片级超导纳米机械平台，实现了高精度Casimir力传感，突破了超导转变处力测量的限制，为探索Casimir-超导相互作用提供了新的实验工具。
We present the results of an experiment on measuring the gradient of the Casimir force between an Au-coated hollow glass microsphere and graphene-coated fused silica plate by means of a modified atomic force microscope cantilever based technique operated in the dynamic regime. These measurements were performed in high vacuum at room temperature. The energy gap and the concentration of impurities in the graphene sample used have been measured utilizing scanning tunnelling spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The measurement results for the gradients of the Casimir force are found …
From the beginning of the subject, calculations of quantum vacuum energies or Casimir energies have been plagued with two types of divergences: The total energy, which may be thought of as some sort of regularization of the zero-point energy, $\sum\frac12\hbarω$, seems manifestly divergent. And local energy densities, obtained from the vacuum expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor, $\langle T_{00}\rangle$, typically diverge near boundaries. The energy of interaction between distinct rigid bodies of whatever type is finite, corresponding to observable forces and torques between the bod…
Dynamical Casimir effect in superconducting cavities: from photon generation to universal quantum gates
本文探讨超导腔中动态卡西米尔效应（DCE）在电路量子电动力学（cQED）中的应用，包括其数学框架、cQED架构实现、对量子热机性能的影响及受控压缩门的实现，为量子信息处理提供新途径。
Optomechanical Backreaction of Quantum Field Processes in Dynamical Casimir Effect
本文研究动态卡西米尔效应中量子场过程的反作用，分析1+1维时变环和3+1维单侧移动矩形盒模型，发现反作用符合量子楞次定律，表现为抑制粒子产生并减慢系统动力学。
We study novel contributions to the partition function of the Maxwell system defined on a small compact manifold ${\mathbb{M}}$ with nontrivial mappings $π_1[U(1)]\cong\mathbb{Z}$. These contributions cannot be described in terms of conventional physical propagating photons with two transverse polarizations, and instead emerge as a result of tunneling transitions between topologically different but physically identical vacuum winding states.\exclude{These new terms give an extra contribution to the Casimir pressure, yet to be measured.} We argue that if the same system is considered in the bac…
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