碳--信息处理的第一前沿
Carbon--The First Frontier of Information Processing
摘要：
信息通常被编码为非周期性的积木链。现代数字计算机使用比特作为构建块，但通常构建块的选择取决于要编码的信息的性质。编码结构信息的最佳构建块是什么？这可以通过用平移和旋转代替传统算术的加法和乘法运算来分析。有人认为，在分子水平上，编码离散结构信息的最佳组分是碳。生物体在数十亿年前就发现了这一点，并使用碳作为骨架来构建根据其结构发挥功能的蛋白质。多肽链的结构分析表明，需要一种由20个构建块组成的高效通用的结构语言来实现蛋白质执行的所有任务。氨基酸的特性表明，目前的三联体遗传密码之前是一个更原始的密码，使用两个核苷酸碱基编码10个氨基酸。
英文摘要：
Information is often encoded as an aperiodic chain of building blocks. Modern digital computers use bits as the building blocks, but in general the choice of building blocks depends on the nature of the information to be encoded. What are the optimal building blocks to encode structural information? This can be analysed by substituting the operations of addition and multiplication of conventional arithmetic with translation and rotation. It is argued that at the molecular level, the best component for encoding discretised structural information is carbon. Living organisms discovered this billions of years ago, and used carbon as the back-bone for constructing proteins that function according to their structure. Structural analysis of polypeptide chains shows that an efficient and versatile structural language of 20 building blocks is needed to implement all the tasks carried out by proteins. Properties of amino acids indicate that the present triplet genetic code was preceded by a more primitive one, coding for 10 amino acids using two nucleotide bases.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
