向类空分离区域发送信号
Sending Signals to Space-Like Separated Regions
摘要：
最近的两项研究提出了一种向类似空间的分离区域发送信号的可能性，这与狭义相对论的精神背道而驰。在第一项工作[J. Grunhaus，S。波佩斯库和D. Rohrlich，Phys.Rev.A53，3781（1996）]已经表明，向类空间分离区域的特定联合发送信号不会导致因果关系悖论。另一项工作[Y。Aharonov和L. Vaidman，Phys.Rev.A61，052108（2000）]表明，可以局部地测量粒子在两个单独位置的量子叠加的相对相位。再加上利用势效应以非局域方式改变相对相位的可能性，我们显然有了一种向类似空间的分离区域发送信号的方法。本文对这些论点进行了批判性的分析。
英文摘要：
Two recent works suggest a possibility of sending signals to a space-like separated region, contrary to the spirit of special relativity. In the first work [J. Grunhaus, S. Popescu, and D. Rohrlich, Phys. Rev. A 53, 3781 (1996)] it has been shown that sending signals to particular union of space-like separated region cannot cause causality paradoxes. Another work [Y. Aharonov and L. Vaidman, Phys. Rev. A 61, 052108 (2000)] showed that the relative phase of quantum superposition of a particle in two separate locations can be measured locally. Together with the possibility of changing the relative phase in a nonlocal way using potential effect we, apparently, have a method of sending signals to space-like separated regions. These arguments are critically analyzed in this paper.
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