论文共分为三个部分。第一部分对Alley-Shih和Ou-Mandel的干涉实验以及纠缠交换实验进行了新的理论分析。它表明，双光子和单光子可分辨性是不必要的实验是真正的测试对本地现实主义。第二部分基于Hilbert空间的简单几何性质，导出了M个量子比特在最大纠缠态下的新的、更强的贝尔不等式。将同样的方法应用于两个最大纠缠的量子比特，得到了局部测量装置的所有可能位置的不等式。最后，导出了在对称无偏2N端口上观测到的M个最大纠缠量子态的Greenberger-Horne- Zeilinger佯谬序列.论文的最后一部分是贝尔定理的数值方法。在两个和三个最大纠缠量子比特的情况下，每个观察者执行多达10个（两个量子比特）和多达5个（三个量子比特）的本地测量，违反本地现实主义的必要和充分条件，示出。数值结果还表明，在两个最大纠缠量子态（3 < N < 9）的情况下，适当定义的破坏幅度随N的增加而增加。在这两种情况下，这种方法既不涉及任何简化或额外的假设，也不利用问题的任何对称性。
英文摘要：
The thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part a new theoretical analysis of interferometric experiments by Alley-Shih, Ou-Mandel and the entanglement swapping experiment is performed. It is shown that the double- and single-photon distinguishability is not necessary for the experiments to be genuine tests against local realism. In the second part, basing on simple geometrical properties of Hilbert space, new, stronger Bell inequalities for M qubits in a maximally entangled state are derived. Application of the same method to two maximally entangled qubits yields an inequality for all possible positions of the local measuring apparatus. Finally, the series of the Greenberger-Horne- Zeilinger paradoxes for M maximally entangled quNits observed via symmetric unbiased 2N ports is derived. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the numerical approach to the Bell theorem. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the violation of local realism in the case of two and three maximally entangled qubits, on which each observer performs up to 10 (two qubits) and up to 5 (three qubits) local measurements, are shown. It is also numerically shown that in the case of two maximally entangled quNits (3 < N < 9) a properly defined magnitude of violation increases with N. In both cases the approach neither involves any simplifications, or additional assumptions, nor does it utilise any symmetries of the problem.
Using spatiotemporal Born rule for testing macroscopic realism: some applications to the pseudo-density matrices and nonclassical temporal correlations
International Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte（北里奥格兰德联邦大学国际物理研究所）；Institute of Physics, Federal University of Goiás（戈亚斯联邦大学物理研究所）；Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford（牛津大学克拉伦登实验室）；School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte（北里奥格兰德联邦大学科学技术学院）
