量子测量中Shannon信息的概念缺陷
Conceptual Inadequacy of the Shannon Information in Quantum Measurements
摘要：
在经典测量中，香农信息是我们对系统性质无知的自然测量。在那里，观察消除了在揭示系统属性时的无知，这些属性可以被认为是在观察之前就存在的，并且与观察无关。由于量子测量与经典测量的根完全不同，当我们试图使用香农信息的概念来定义量子测量中的信息增益时，出现了概念上的困难。原因是，与经典测量相反，量子测量，除了极少数例外，不能声称揭示了测量之前存在的单个量子系统的性质。
英文摘要：
In a classical measurement the Shannon information is a natural measure of our ignorance about properties of a system. There, observation removes that ignorance in revealing properties of the system which can be considered to preexist prior to and independent of observation. Because of the completely different root of a quantum measurement as compared to a classical measurement conceptual difficulties arise when we try to define the information gain in a quantum measurement using the notion of Shannon information. The reason is that, in contrast to classical measurement, quantum measurement, with very few exceptions, cannot be claimed to reveal a property of the individual quantum system existing before the measurement is performed.
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