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arXiv quant-ph/0005103quant-ph
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局域振幅的量子关联和Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen非定域性难题的解决

Quantum correlations from local amplitudes and the resolution of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen nonlocality puzzle

C. S. Unnikrishnan

摘要:

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen非定域性之谜是量子力学基础领域中最重要的未解决问题之一。我们表明,如果量子关联直接从保持量子系统中的相位信息的局部量计算,则问题得到解决。我们假设结果的概率幅是严格局部的,而不是局部真实的,并计算出幅值关联函数,然后由幅值关联函数的平方计算实验观测到的结果的相关性.振幅的局部性意味着对一个粒子的测量不会使伴随粒子坍缩到一个确定的状态。除了解决EPR难题之外,这种方法还表明,对量子隐形传态和纠缠交换等明显的“非定域”效应的物理解释与通常假设的不同。钟型测量不会改变遥远的状态。然而,如果把复概率幅当作基本的局部量,那么在测量时,这种相关性是正确的。作为例子,我们讨论了两粒子最大纠缠态和三粒子GHZ纠缠态的量子关联。

英文摘要:

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen nonlocality puzzle has been recognized as one of the most important unresolved issues in the foundational aspects of quantum mechanics. We show that the problem is resolved if the quantum correlations are calculated directly from local quantities which preserve the phase information in the quantum system. We assume strict locality for the probability amplitudes instead of local realism for the outcomes, and calculate an amplitude correlation function.Then the experimentally observed correlation of outcomes is calculated from the square of the amplitude correlation function. Locality of amplitudes implies that the measurement on one particle does not collapse the companion particle to a definite state. Apart from resolving the EPR puzzle, this approach shows that the physical interpretation of apparently `nonlocal' effects like quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping are different from what is usually assumed. Bell type measurements do not change distant states. Yet the correlations are correctly reproduced, when measured, if complex probability amplitudes are treated as the basic local quantities. As examples we discuss the quantum correlations of two-particle maximally entangled states and the three-particle GHZ entangled state.

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