经典电动力学基础述评
Classical Electrodynamics: A Tutorial on its Foundations
摘要：
我们将展示经典电动力学的基本结构。从（1）电荷守恒、（2）存在洛伦兹力密度和（3）磁通量守恒的公理出发，我们将导出麦克斯韦方程组。它们用场强$(E,{\cal B})$、激励$({\cal D},H)$和源$(ρ,j)$表示。这一基本的四个微物理方程组必须补充有点不太一般的本构假设，以使其成为一个完全确定的系统与适定的初始值问题。只有在这个阶段，才需要时空的距离概念（度量）。我们将讨论一组可能的本构假设，即${\cal D}\sim E$和$H\sim {\cal B}$。{ \em文件erik8a.tex，1999-07-27}
英文摘要：
We will display the fundamental structure of classical electrodynamics. Starting from the axioms of (1) electric charge conservation, (2) the existence of a Lorentz force density, and (3) magnetic flux conservation, we will derive Maxwell's equations. They are expressed in terms of the field strengths $(E,{\cal B})$, the excitations $({\cal D},H)$, and the sources $(ρ,j)$. This fundamental set of four microphysical equations has to be supplemented by somewhat less general constitutive assumptions in order to make it a fully determined system with a well-posed initial value problem. It is only at this stage that a distance concept (metric) is required for space-time. We will discuss one set of possible constitutive assumptions, namely ${\cal D}\sim E$ and $H\sim {\cal B}$. {\em file erik8a.tex, 1999-07-27}
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