由活细胞和迁移细胞形成的Nematic Liquid Crystals的弹性性能
Elastic Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals Formed by Living and Migrating Cells
摘要：
在培养中，迁移和相互作用的变形虫细胞可以形成双相液晶相。如果相互作用具有极对称性，则形成极性双折射液晶。一种类型的白细胞（粒细胞）形成细胞朝向中心的簇。这种取向缺陷（向错）的核心是被迫处于各向同性状态的粒细胞或另一种细胞类型，如单核细胞。如果相互作用具有非极性对称性，则形成非极性液晶。不同的细胞类型如人黑素细胞（=皮肤色素细胞）、人成纤维细胞（=结缔组织细胞）、人成骨细胞（=骨细胞）、人脂肪细胞（=脂肪细胞）等，形成非极性双折射液晶。导出了液晶的取向弹性能，研究了液晶的取向缺陷（向错）。半数向错的存在表明，α相具有非极性对称性。取向弹性常数及其绝对值的密度和序参量的依赖性进行了估计。从缺陷结构中，发现展曲弹性常数小于弯曲弹性常数（黑色素细胞）。向错的核心是无晶胞空间，或被非定向晶胞（各向同性相）占据，或被具有不同对称性的晶胞占据，或被另一种晶胞类型占据。
英文摘要：
In culture migrating and interacting amoeboid cells can form nematic liquid crystal phases. A polar nematic liquid crystal is formed if the interaction has a polar symmetry. One type of white blood cells (granulocytes) form clusters where the cells are oriented towards the center. The core of such an orientational defect (disclination) is either a granulocyte forced to be in an isotropic state or another cell type like a monocyte. An apolar nematic liquid crystal is formed if the interaction has an apolar symmetry. Different cell types like human melanocytes (=pigment cells of the skin), human fibroblasts (=connective tissue cells), human osteoblasts (=bone cells), human adipocytes (= fat cells) etc., form an apolar nematic liquid crystal. The orientational elastic energy is derived and the orientational defects (disclination) of nematic liquid crystals are investigated. The existence of half-numbered disclinations show that the nematic phase has an apolar symmetry. The density- and order parameter dependence of the orientational elastic constants and their absolute values are estimated. From the defect structure, one finds that the splay elastic constant is smaller than the bend elastic constant (melanocytes). The core of a disclination is either a cell free space or occupied by non oriented cells (isotropic phase) or occupied by a cell with a different symmetry or occupied by another cell type.
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