用于脉冲功率系统局域光谱测量的新型气体掺杂技术
Novel Gas-Doping Technique for Local Spectroscopic Measurements in Pulsed-Power Systems
摘要：
提出了一种在脉冲功率实验中用气态元素掺杂等离子体的新方法。一个快速气阀，喷嘴，和一个撇渣器被用来产生一个超声波气体束，注入到一个平面几何形状的微秒等离子体开放开关（POS）。研制了一种具有较高空间和时间分辨率的电离探针阵列，用于诊断注入气体的绝对密度及其空间分布。的气体柱的属性也进行了研究，使用光谱的线发射，从掺杂气体与POS预填充等离子体的相互作用的结果。发现掺杂柱的宽度约为1 cm，密度为（0.8-1.7）*10^14 cm-3。观察掺杂原子及其离子的特征发射线可以进行各种光谱测量，例如塞曼分裂的磁场和多普勒频移的离子速度分布，这些都是三维局部的。它表明，这种气体掺杂技术也可以用来研究质子为主的等离子体，不能用简单的发射光谱学研究，由于缺乏发光离子。该方法使用的气体种类繁多，加上阀的尺寸小且开启速度快，使其可用于各种短持续时间等离子体实验的广泛诊断。
英文摘要：
A novel method for doping plasmas in pulsed-power experiments with gaseous elements has been developed. A fast gas valve, a nozzle, and a skimmer are used to generate an ultrasonic gas beam that is injected into a planar-geometry microsecond plasma-opening-switch (POS). An array of ionization probes with relatively high spatial and temporal resolutions was developed for diagnosing the absolute injected-gas density and its spatial profile. The properties of the gas column were also studied using spectroscopy of line emission that results from the interaction of the doped gas with the POS prefilled plasma. The doped column is found to have a width of ~1 cm and a density of (0.8-1.7)*10^14 cm-3. Observations of characteristic emission lines from the doped atoms and their ions allow for various spectroscopic measurements, such as the magnetic field from Zeeman splitting and the ion velocity distributions from Doppler shifts, that are local in three dimensions. It is shown that this gas doping technique can also be used to study proton-dominated plasmas that cannot be studied with simple emission spectroscopy due to the lack of light emitting ions. The variety of gases used with this method, together with the small valve dimensions and its fast opening, make it potentially useful for broad diagnostics of various short-duration plasma experiments.
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