E.诺特发现对称性与守恒律之间的深层联系
E. Noether's Discovery of the Deep Connection Between Symmetries and Conservation Laws
摘要：
埃米·诺特证明了两个关于对称性和守恒律之间联系的深刻定理及其逆命题。因为这些定理是不是在主流的她的学术工作，这是发展现代抽象代数，这是一些历史的兴趣，以研究她如何来使这些发现。本文件是一个历史帐户的情况下，她发现并证明了这些定理，物理学家统称为诺特定理。这项工作完成后不久希尔伯特的发现变分原理，使外地方程的广义相对论。一般理论中局部能量守恒的失败是当时人们关心的一个问题，其中包括大卫希尔伯特，费利克斯克莱因和阿尔伯特爱因斯坦。Noether定理解决了这个问题。凭借她特有的深刻洞察力和透彻分析，在解决这个问题时，她发现了深刻影响现代物理学的非常普遍的定理。
英文摘要：
Emmy Noether proved two deep theorems, and their converses, on the connection between symmetries and conservation laws. Because these theorems are not in the mainstream of her scholarly work, which was the development of modern abstract algebra, it is of some historical interest to examine how she came to make these discoveries. The present paper is an historical account of the circumstances in which she discovered and proved these theorems which physicists refer to collectively as Noether's Theorem. The work was done soon after Hilbert's discovery of the variational principle which gives the field equations of general relativity. The failure of local energy conservation in the general theory was a problem that concerned people at that time, among them David Hilbert, Felix Klein, and Albert Einstein. Noether's theorems solved this problem. With her characteristically deep insight and thorough analysis, in solving that problem she discovered very general theorems that have profoundly influenced modern physics.
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