走向进化的物理学：在进化的技术网络中存在创造性解构的风暴
Towards a physics of evolution: Existence of gales of creative deconstruction in evolving technological networks
摘要：
根据生物或技术进化的标准概念进化的系统通常由催化进化方程描述。我们研究了这些方程的结构，并发现了与经典热力学的深刻关系。特别是，我们可以证明存在几个不同阶段的进化动力学：一个阶段的快速增长的多样性，一个固定的，有限的多样性，和一个迅速衰减的多样性。虽然前两个阶段已经受到以前的工作，在这里，我们专注于破坏性的方面-特别是相图-进化动力学。我们进一步提出了一个动力学模型的多样性，捕捉自发的创造和破坏过程充分尊重进化系统的相图。涌现时间序列在多样性动态中显示Zipf定律，这例如在实际经济数据中是可观察的，例如在公司破产数据中。我们相信，目前的模型是一种将熊彼特经济演化的著名定性图景转换为一个可量化和可检验的框架的方法。
英文摘要：
Systems evolving according to the standard concept of biological or technological evolution are often described by catalytic evolution equations. We study the structure of these equations and find a deep relationship to classical thermodynamics. In particular we can demonstrate the existence of several distinct phases of evolutionary dynamics: a phase of fast growing diversity, one of stationary, finite diversity, and one of rapidly decaying diversity. While the first two phases have been subject to previous work, here we focus on the destructive aspects - in particular the phase diagram - of evolutionary dynamics. We further propose a dynamical model of diversity which captures spontaneous creation and destruction processes fully respecting the phase diagrams of evolutionary systems. The emergent timeseries show a Zipf law in the diversity dynamics, which is e.g. observable in actual economical data, e.g. in firm bankruptcy data. We believe the present model is a way to cast the famous qualitative picture of Schumpeterian economic evolution, into a quantifiable and testable framework.
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