稀疏偶极子朗之万理论中的相对角分布函数
The Relative Angle Distribution Function in the Langevin Theory of Dilute Dipoles
摘要：
朗之万理论的极化的一个稀释收集偶极子由外部领域往往是包括在介绍固态物理和物理化学课程。假设偶极子与热浴处于热平衡，计算平均极化。极化计算的核心是平均偶极场投影的推导，其对外场的依赖性由朗之万函数给出。朗之万问题是重新审视，在这里，任何给定的偶极子到任何其他偶极子从集合的平均投影导出的朗之万函数。一个简单的表达式得到的基本偶极偶极角分布函数。
英文摘要：
The Langevin theory of the polarization of a dilute collection of dipoles by an external field is often included in introductory solid state physics and physical chemistry curricula. The average polarization is calculated assuming the dipoles are in thermal equilibrium with a heat bath. The heart of the polarization calculation is a derivation of the average dipole-field projection, whose dependence on the external field is given by the Langevin function. The Langevin problem is revisited, here, and the average projection of any given dipole onto any other dipole from the collection is derived in terms of the Langevin function. A simple expression is obtained for the underlying dipole-dipole angular distribution function.
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