亚λ光栅、表面等离子体激元、较热电子和较亮X射线源--通过微小的表面调制增强了对强超短laser光的吸收
Sub-lambda gratings, surface plasmons, hotter electrons and brighter x-ray sources- enhanced absorption of intense, ultrashort laser light by tiny surface modulations
摘要：
我们观察到近100%的光吸收在强烈的超短激光等离子体相互作用中的金属涂层（金玻璃）在适当的条件下的子λ光栅结构和随后的“热”电子产生的光栅等离子体。在低强度制度，我们确定的条件下，单色红外线（λ = 800 nm，对应于我们在随后的实验中使用的超短激光的中心波长）有效地激发表面等离子体在光栅。然后我们研究了当我们用低强度超短脉冲激发它们时，表面等离子体共振条件的变化。我们观察在宽范围（2x 10 e12 Wcm-2- 2x 10 e15 Wcm-2）内改变入射光强度的光的反射率。在整个光强范围内，满足谐振条件的光栅反射率最低。我们比较的数据与那些从高度抛光（λ/10）Au镜目标在相同的条件下。在高强度下，我们观察了在有和没有共振条件下来自两个靶的硬X射线发射。硬X射线谱显示出双麦克斯韦分布，即在共振条件下存在较热分量的两个温度热电子分布，而在所有其他情况下，它显示出仅存在一个低温分量。
英文摘要：
We observe near 100 % absorption of light in intense ultrashort laser plasma interaction in a metal coated (Au on glass) sub-lambda grating structure under suitable conditions and the subsequent 'hot' electron generation from the grating plasma. In the low intensity regime we determine the conditions in which a monochromatic infrared light (lambda = 800nm corresponding to the central wavelength of the ultrashort laser that we used in subsequent experiments) efficiently excites surface plasmon in the grating. Then we study how the surface plasmon resonance condition changes when we excite them using low intensity ultrashort pulses. We look at the reflectivity of light varying the incident light intensity over a wide range (2x10e12Wcm-2-2x10e15Wcm-2). The reflectivity of grating with the resonance condition satisfied is the lowest over the whole range of intensity. We compare the data with those obtained from highly polished (lambda/10) Au mirror target under identical conditions. At high intensities we look at the hard x-ray emission from both the targets with and without the resonance condition. The hard X-ray spectrum shows a bimaxwellian i.e two temperature hot electron distribution with a hotter component present under the resonance condition while in all other cases it shows the presence of only one low temperature component.
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