在NAO和太阳活动之间相关的长期变化：南北太阳活动不对称对大气环流的重要性
Long-term variations in the correlation between NAO and solar activity: the importance of North-South solar activity asymmetry for atmospheric circulation
摘要：
一般大气环流是在全球尺度上的地球大气运动系统。两种主要类型的环流已被确定：纬向-其特征在于对流层中的低振幅波从西向东快速移动，和纬向高振幅波时，纬向输送加强。盛行的环流类型与全球气候有关。根据多年的观测，当同一类型的环流盛行数年或数十年时，就定义了某些环流时代。在这里，我们研究的长期变化之间的关系，在太阳活动和大气环流的主要类型，使用NAO指数重建了过去四个世纪的大规模大气环流的代理。我们发现，当太阳南半球更活跃，增加太阳活动在长期的太阳活动周期的结果增加纬向环流，而当太阳北半球更活跃，增加太阳活动增加经向环流。为了解释观测结果，我们比较了NAO和NAM指数对不同太阳驱动因素的短期反应：强大的太阳耀斑，高速太阳风流和磁云
英文摘要：
General atmospheric circulation is the system of atmospheric motions over the Earth on the scale of the whole globe. Two main types of circulation have been identified: zonal - characterized by low amplitude waves in the troposphere moving quickly from west to east, and meridional with stationary high amplitude waves when the meridional transfer is intensified. The prevailing type of circulation is related to global climate. Based on many years of observations, certain circulation epochs have been defined when the same type of circulation prevails for years or decades. Here we study the relation between long-term changes in solar activity and prevailing type of atmospheric circulation, using NAO index reconstructed for the last four centuries as a proxy for large-scale atmospheric circulation. We find that when the southern solar hemisphere is more active, increasing solar activity in the secular solar cycle results in increasing zonality of the circulation, while when the northern solar hemisphere is more active, increasing solar activity increases meridional circulation. In an attempt to explain the observations, we compare the short-term reaction of NAO and NAM indices to different solar drivers: powerful solar flares, high speed solar wind streams, and magnetic clouds
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