热力学中非平稳过程的速度梯度原理
Speed-gradient principle for nonstationary processes in thermodynamics
摘要：
建立了速度-梯度变分原理（SG-原理），并将其应用于非线性系统。它表明，Prigogine的最小熵产生原理和Onsager的对称性关系可以解释的SG-原则，因此，是相互等价的。在这两种情况下，系统的熵都起着目标泛函的作用。热力学原理的速度梯度公式提供了它们的扩展版本，描述远离平衡的非平稳系统的瞬态动力学。作为一个例子，推导了最大熵原理的瞬态（弛豫）动力学模型。
英文摘要：
The speed-gradient variational principle (SG-principle) is formulated and applied to thermodynamical systems. It is shown that Prigogine's principle of minimum entropy production and Onsager's symmetry relations can be interpreted in terms of the SG-principle and, therefore, are equivalent to each other. In both cases entropy of the system plays a role of the goal functional. The speed-gradient formulation of thermodynamic principles provide their extended versions, describing transient dynamics of nonstationary systems far from equilibrium. As an example a model of transient (relaxation) dynamics for maximum entropy principle is derived.
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