This note describes R&D to be carried out on the data acquisition system for a calorimeter at the future International Linear Collider. A generic calorimeter and data acquisition system is described. Within this framework modified designs and potential bottlenecks within the current system are described. Solutions leading up to a technical design report will to be carried out within CALICE-UK groups.
The photon arm of the Compton polarimeter in Hall A of Jefferson Lab has been upgraded to allow for electron beam polarization measurements with better than 1% accuracy. The data acquisition system (DAQ) now includes an integrating mode, which eliminates several systematic uncertainties inherent in the original counting-DAQ setup. The photon calorimeter has been replaced with a Ce-doped GSO crystal, which has a bright output and fast response, and works well for measurements using the new integrating method at electron beam energies from 1 to 6 GeV.
A data acquisition (DAQ) system has been developed which will read out and control calorimeters serving as prototype systems for a future detector at an electron-positron linear collider. This is a modular, flexible and scalable DAQ system in which the hardware and signals are standards-based, using FPGAs and serial links. The idea of a backplaneless system was also pursued with a commercial development board housed in a PC and a chain of concentrator cards between it and the detector forming the basis of the system. As well as describing the concept and performance of the system, its merits a…
The data acquisition system (DAQ) for a highly granular analogue hadron calorimeter (AHCAL) for the future International Linear Collider is presented. The developed DAQ chain has several stages of aggregation and scales up to 8 million channels foreseen for the AHCAL detector design. The largest aggregation device, Link Data Aggregator, has 96 HDMI connectors, four Kintex7 FPGAs and a central Zynq System-On-Chip. Architecture and performance results are shown in detail. Experience from DESY testbeams with a small detector prototype consisting of 15 detector layers are shown.
High precision physics at future colliders requires unprecedented highly granular calorimeters for the application of the Particle Flow (PF) algorithm. The physical proof of concept was given in the previous campaign of beam tests of physic prototypes within the CALICE collaboration. We present here the latest beam and laboratory test results and R&D developments for the Silicon-Tungsten Electromagnetic Calorimeter technological prototype with fully embedded very front-end (VFE) electronics for the International Large Detector at the International Linear Collider project.
Within the international studies of a high energy linear electron positron collider, several groups are developing and testing prototypes for a Linear Collider TPC. This detector is planned to be used as a central part in the tracking system of a detector at such a machine. In this note we describe a DAQ system, which has been developed for the use in tests of TPC prototypes. It is based on electronics used at the ALEPH experiment at CERN.
A data acquisition (DAQ) system is described which will be used for the next generation of prototype calorimeters using particle flow algorithms for the International Linear Collider (ILC). The design is sufficiently generic and scalable such that it should have numerous applications either for ILC detectors or elsewhere within high energy physics in general. The DAQ system will be implemented using FPGAs and built using off-the-shelf components and networking hardware with programmable FPGAs. The software for the DAQ system is based on an existing framework, DOOCS, which is a server/client ob…
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO) experiment will develop an internationally leading neutrino experimental station to measure the order of neutrino mass and carry out many other scientific frontier studies. The entire experimental system includes the detector system, the electronics system, and the data acquisition (DAQ) system. Data flow is the core of JUNO DAQ system. Readout system and Event Building (EB) system are two key aspects of data flow. Based on the requirements analysis of JUNO DAQ, this paper proposes a data flow schema of distributed network readout and second-…
The Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) is one detector of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). TileCal is a sampling calorimeter made of steel plates and plastic scintillators which are readout using approximately 10,000 PhotoMultipliers Tubes (PMTs). In 2024, the LHC will undergo a series of upgrades towards a High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) to deliver up to 7.5 times the current nominal instantaneous luminosity. The ATLAS Tile Phase II Upgrade will accommodate detector and Data AcQuisition (DAQ) system to the HL-LHC requirements. The detector electronics will be redesigned using a n…
The Belle II experiment at KEK in Japan has started real data taking from April 2018 to probe a New Physics beyond the Standard Model by measuring CP violation precisely and rare weak decays of heavy quark and lepton. The experiment is performed at the high luminosity SuperKEKB e^+ e^- collider with 80 x 10^34 cm^-2 s^-1 as an ultimate instantaneous luminosity. In order to develop and test an appropriate trigger algorithm under much higher luminosity and beam background environment than previous KEKB collider, a detail simulation study of the Belle II calorimeter trigger system is very crucial…
LumiCal will be the luminosity calorimeter for the proposed International Large Detector of the International Linear Collider (ILC). The ILC physics program requires the integrated luminosity to be measured with a relative precision on the order of 10e-3, or 10e-4 when running in GigaZ mode. Luminosity will be determined by counting Bhabha scattering events coincident in the two calorimeter modules placed symmetrically on opposite sides of the interaction point. To meet these goals, the energy resolution of the calorimeter must be better than 1.5% at high energies. LumiCal has been designed as…
TileCal is the central hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It is a sampling detector where scintillating tiles are embedded in steel absorber plates. The tiles are grouped forming cells, which are read-out on both sides by photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The PMT digital samples are transmitted to the Read-Out Drivers (ROD) located in the back-end system for the events accepted by the Level 1 trigger system. The ROD is the core element of the back-end electronics and it represents the interface between the front-end electronics and the ATLAS overall Da…
A highly granular silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) is the reference design of the ECAL for International Large Detector concept, one of the two detector concepts for the future International Linear Collider. Prototypes for this type of detector are developed within the CALICE Collaboration. The technological prototype addresses technical challenges such as integrated front-end electronics or compact layer and readout design. A stack of 7 layers was compiled and tested at DESY test beam facilities in 2017. We present preliminary results on the properties of the electromag…
The first technological SDHCAL prototype having been successfully tested, a new phase of R&D, to validate completely the SDHCAL option for the International Linear Detector (ILD) project of the International Linear Collider (ILC), has started with the conception and the realisation of a new prototype. The new one is intended to host few but large active layers of the future SDHCAL. The new active layers, made of Glass Resistive Plate Chambers (GRPC) with sizes larger than 2m^2 will be equipped with a new version of the electronic readout, fulfilling the requirements of the future ILD detector.…
The CALICE collaboration is studying the design of high performance electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters for future International Linear Collider detectors. For the electromagnetic calorimeter, the current baseline choice is a high granularity sampling calorimeter with tungsten as absorber and silicon detectors as sensitive material. A ``physics prototype'' has been constructed, consisting of thirty sensitive layers. Each layer has an active area of 18x18 cm2 and a pad size of 1x1 cm2. The absorber thickness totals 24 radiation lengths. It has been exposed in 2006 and 2007 to electron and…
The muon campus program at Fermilab includes the Mu2e experiment that will search for a charged-lepton flavor violating processes where a negative muon converts into an electron in the field of an aluminum nucleus, improving by four orders of magnitude the search sensitivity reached so far. Mu2e's Trigger and Data Acquisition System (TDAQ) uses otsdaq as its solution. Developed at Fermilab, otsdaq uses the artdaq DAQ framework and art analysis framework, under the-hood, for event transfer, filtering, and processing. otsdaq is an online DAQ software suite with a focus on flexibility and scalabi…
A silicon-based fine granularity calorimeter is a potential technology for the future International Linear Collider ILC, the future circular collider CEPC, and is also the chosen technology for the upgraded CMS experiment of the Large Hadron Collider. Active silicon sensing pads are used as MIP counters and the standard calibration of the calorimeter uses weights based on the average energy loss, $dEdx$. In this work, the limitations of the dEdx calibration method in terms of energy linearity, scale and resolution are explored. In the case of a calorimeter with varying passive layer thickness …
The CALICE Semi-Digital Hadron Calorimeter technological prototype completed in 2011 is a sampling calorimeter using Glass Resistive Plate Chamber (GRPC) detectors as the active medium. This technology is one of the two options proposed for the hadron calorimeter of the International Large Detector for the International Linear Collider. The prototype was exposed in 2015 to beams of muons, electrons, and pions of different energies at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The use of this technology for future experiments requires a reliable simulation of its response that can predict its performan…
The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB e+e- collider in KEK, Japan does start physics data-taking from early of 2018 with primary physics goal that is to probe the New Physics effect using heavy quark and lepton weak decays. During trigger and DAQ operation upon beam collision, it is important that Belle II detector (Fig. 1) status have to be monitored in a process of data-taking against an unexpected situation. Slow control system, built in the Control System Studio (CSS) which is a GUI window design tool based on Eclipse, is one of monitoring and controlling systems in Belle II operation. …
A highly granular silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) is the reference design of the ECAL for International Large Detector (ILD) concept, one of the two detector concepts for the detector(s) at the future International Linear Collider. Prototypes for this type of detector are developed within the CALICE Collaboration. The final detector will comprise about $10^{8}$ calorimeter cells that have to be integrated in a volume of maximal 20 cm in depth. Detector components that in terms of size and channel density come already close to the specifications for future large scale ex…
The GLD is a detector for the experiment at the International Linear Collider (ILC). It consists of a large calorimeter and a gaseous central tracker placed in a moderate magnetic field, both electro-magnetic and hadron calorimeters being placed inside the magnetic coil to have enough hermeticity and good jet energy resolution. The outline of the GLD is presented.
This paper presents the status of Monte Carlo simulation of one of the luminosity detectors considered for the future e+e- International Linear Collider (ILC). The detector consists of a tungsten/silicon sandwich calorimeter with pad readout. The study was performed for Bhabha scattering events assuming a zero crossing angle for the beams.
The International Large Detector (ILD) is a proposed detector for the International Linear Collider (ILC). It has been designed to achieve an excellent jet energy resolution by using Particle Flow Algorithms (PFA), which rely on the ability to separate nearby particles within jets. PFA requires calorimeters with high granularity. The ILD Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) is a sampling calorimeter with thirty tungsten absorber layers. The total thickness of this ECAL is about 24 X$_0$, and it has between 10 and 100 million channels to make high granularity. Silicon sensors are a candidate tech…
Current and future experiments at the high intensity frontier are expected to produce an enormous amount of data that needs to be collected and stored for offline analysis. Thanks to the continuous progress in computing and networking technology, it is now possible to replace the standard `triggered' data acquisition systems with a new, simplified and outperforming scheme. `Streaming readout' (SRO) DAQ aims to replace the hardware-based trigger with a much more powerful and flexible software-based one, that considers the whole detector information for efficient real-time data tagging and selec…
A prototype Silicon-Tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) for an International Linear Collider (ILC) detector was installed and tested during summer and autumn 2006 at CERN. The detector had 6480 silicon pads of dimension 1x1 cm^2. Data were collected with electron beams in the energy range 6 to 45 GeV. The analysis described in this paper focuses on electromagnetic shower reconstruction and characterises the ECAL response to electrons in terms of energy resolution and linearity. The detector is linear to within approximately the 1% level and has a relative energy resolution of (16.6 +- …
The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC will be upgraded to accommodate the 5-fold increase in the instantaneous luminosity expected at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Concomitant with this increase will be an increase in the number of interactions in each bunch crossing and a significant increase in the total ionising dose and fluence. One part of this upgrade is the replacement of the current endcap calorimeters with a high granularity sampling calorimeter equipped with silicon sensors, designed to manage the high collision rates. As part of the development of this calorimeter, a series of beam…
A new design of highly granular hadronic calorimeter using Glass Resistive Plate Chambers (GRPCs) with embedded electronics has been proposed for the future International Linear Collider (ILC) experiments. It features a 2-bit threshold semi-digital read-out. Several GRPC prototypes with their electronics have been successfully built and tested in pion beams. The design of these detectors is presented along with the test results on efficiency, pad multiplicity, stability and reproducibility.
The next major project of particle physics will be the International Linear Collider: a linear accelerator in which electrons and positrons will collide with energies of 500 to around 1000 billion electronvolts. The LPSC-Grenoble is involved in the R\&D activities for the International Large Detector (ILD) and in particular in the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECal): i.e. design of the fastening and cooling systems, design of the mechanics of the end-caps, test of EM prototypes, tooling and integration of the end-caps.
The SiD Detector is one of two validated detector designs for the future International Linear Collider. SiD features a compact, cost-constrained design for precision Higgs couplings determination, and other measurements, and sensitivity to a wide range of possible new phenomena. A robust silicon vertex and tracking system, combined with a 5 Tesla central solenoidal field, provides excellent momentum resolution. The highly granular calorimeter system is optimized for Particle Flow application to achieve very good jet energy resolution over a wide range of energies. Details of the proposed imple…
The granularity of calorimeter has been revolutionary boosted for future collider experiments. The calorimeter has been pushed to a stage that the sub structure of showers especially hadronic showers can be recorded to a high precision. New reconstruction algorithms are expected from these informations. Following the idea that shower follows the topology of the tree, we developed Arbor, a Particle Flow Algorithm framework. Tested on both simulated data and test beam data, it can successfully separate nearby showers. It has comparable jet energy resolution the best PFA algorithm for Internation…
The goal of the EUDET project is the development and construction of infrastructure to permit detector R&D for the International Linear Collider (ILC) with larger scale prototypes. It encompasses major detector components: the vertex detector, the tracker and the calorimeters. We describe here the status and plans of the project with emphasis on issues related to data acquisition for future test beam experiments.
The highly granular silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW ECAL) is the reference design of the ECAL for the International Large Detector (ILD) concept, one of the two detector concepts proposed for the future International Linear Collider (ILC). Prototypes for this type of detector are developed within the CALICE Collaboration. This contribution reports on the development of an ultra-thin PCB called Chip-on-Board (COB) that is equipped with wirebonded ASICs and pixelated silicon wafers. This set will form the basic unit of detection of the SiW ECAL. It will favour the design of an …
We describe another detectora designed for the International Linear Collider based on several tested instrumentation innovations in order to achieve the necessary experi- mental goal of a detecter that is 2-to-10 times better than the already excellent SLC and LEP detectors, in particular, (1) dual-readout calorimeter system based on the RD52/DREAM measurements at CERN, (2) a cluster-counting drift chamber based on the successful kloe chamber at Frascati, and (3) a second solenoid to return the magnetic flux without iron. A high-performance pixel vertex chamber is presently undefined. We discu…
The long slab is a new prototype for the SiW-Ecal, a silicon tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter for the ILD detector of the future International Linear Collider. This new prototype has been designed to demonstrate the ability to build a full length detecting layer (1.60m for the ILD barrel). Indeed, this length induces difficulties for clock and signal propagation and data integrity. The design used for short length slabs had to be adapted on the basis of a simulation study. The long slab performance has been tested with cosmics, radioactive source and with 3 GeV electrons in the beam tests …
The T2K experiment studies oscillations of an off-axis muon neutrino beam between the J-PARC accelerator complex and the Super-Kamiokande detector. Special emphasis is placed on measuring the mixing angle theta_13 by observing electron neutrino appearance via the sub-dominant muon neutrino to electron neutrino oscillation, and searching for CP violation in the lepton sector. The experiment includes a sophisticated, off-axis, near detector, the ND280, situated 280 m downstream of the neutrino production target in order to measure the properties of the neutrino beam and to understand better neut…
This note summarises the workshop LCTW09 held between the 3.11.2009 and 5.11.2009 at LAL Orsay. The workshop was dedicated to discuss the beam tests in the years 2010 up to 2013 for detectors to be operated at a future linear electron positron collider. The document underlines the rich R&D program on these detectors in the coming years. Large synergies were identified in the DAQ and software systems. Considerable consolidation of resources are expected from the establishment of semi-permanent beam lines for linear collider detector R&D at major centres like CERN and FNAL. Reproducing a beam st…
Silicon pad sensors are proposed as active material in highly granular sampling calorimeters of future collider experiments such as the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) or the International Linear Collider (ILC). The electromagnetic section of these designs often include O(1000 m$^2$) of silicon pad sensors. For the luminosity measurement, a dedicated forward calorimeter called LumiCal is foreseen. More recently, the CMS experiment has decided to adopt the same concept in its endcap calorimeter upgrade for the HL-LHC. The sensors are typically produced from 6- or 8-inch wafers and consist of a f…
The CALICE Semi-Digital Hadron Calorimeter (SDHCAL) technological prototype is a sampling calorimeter using Glass Resistive Plate Chamber detectors with a three-threshold readout as the active medium. This technology is one of the two options proposed for the hadron calorimeter of the International Large Detector for the International Linear Collider. The prototype was exposed to beams of muons, electrons and pions of different energies at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. To be able to study the performance of such a calorimeter in future experiments it is important to ensure reliable simula…
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a concept for a future $e^{+}e^{-}$ linear collider with a center-of-mass energy of up to 3 TeV. The design of a CLIC experiment is driven by the requirements related to the physics goals, as well as by the experimental conditions. For example, the short time between two bunch crossings of 0.5 ns and the backgrounds due to beamstrahlung have direct impact on the design of a CLIC experiment. The Silicon Detector (SiD) is one of the concepts currently being discussed as a possible detector for the International Linear Collider (ILC). In this thesis we develo…
Druid is a dedicated event display designed for the future electron positron linear colliders. Druid takes standard linear collider data files and detector geometry description files as input, it can visualize both physics event and detector geometry. Many displaying options are provided by Druid, giving easy access to different information. As a versatile event display, Druid supports all the latest linear collider detector models, Silicon Detector and International Large Detector, as well as the calorimeter prototypes operated in the CALICE test beam experiments. It has been utilized in many…
This report describes the physics potential and experiments at a future multi-TeV e+e- collider based on the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) technology. The physics scenarios considered include precision measurements of known quantities as well as the discovery potential of physics beyond the Standard Model. The report describes the detector performance required at CLIC, taking into account the interaction point environment and especially beaminduced backgrounds. Two detector concepts, designed around highly granular calorimeters and based on concepts studied for the International Linear Collid…
