宝石经济物理学
Econophysics of precious stones
摘要：
在过去的十年里，幂律的重要性在经济物理学中得到了很好的认识。例如，股票价格变动率和个人资产的分布呈现幂律。虽然这些结果揭示了金融市场惊人的规模不变性，但价格在实体经济中的行为却鲜为人知，尽管它非常重要。作为现实经济中市场的一个例子，这里我们以宝石的价格为例，宝石的价格随着尺寸的增加而增加，而宝石的产量则随着尺寸的增加而迅速减少。我们第一次表明，天然宝石（石英水晶球，宝石，如钻石，祖母绿和蓝宝石）的价格作为重量的函数服从幂律。这表明价格是由不同尺寸的相同评估措施决定的。我们的结果表明，不仅是一个经济观测量的分布，而且价格本身服从幂律。我们期望我们的研究结果是一个起点，在现实经济中的规模不变性的定量研究。Black-Sholes模型为金融市场的最优定价提供了框架，而我们的分析方法则提供了一个新的框架来描述现实经济中的市场。
英文摘要：
The importance of the power law has been well realized in econophysics over the last decade. For instance, the distribution of the rate of stock price variation and of personal assets show the power law. While these results reveal the striking scale invariance of financial markets, the behaviour of price in real economy is less known in spite of its extreme importance. As an example of markets in real economy, here we take up the price of precious stones which increases with size while the amount of their production rapidly decreases with size. We show for the first time that the price of natural precious stones (quartz crystal ball, gemstones such as diamond, emerald, and sapphire) as a function of weight obeys the power law. This indicates that the price is determined by the same evaluation measure for different sizes. Our results demonstrate that not only the distribution of an economical observable but also the price itself obeys the power law. We anticipate our findings to be a starting point for the quantitative study of scale invariance in real economy. While the Black--Sholes model provided the framework for optimal pricing in financial markets, our method of analysis prvides a new framework that characterizes the market in real economy.
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