二能级Laser的离散热力学--为什么不是和什么时候是
Discrete Thermodynamics of 2-level Laser - Why Not and When Yes
摘要：
本文探讨了离散热力学在二能级激光器中的可能应用。该模型考虑了激光器对输入泵浦功率的开放性和随发射光输出的能量。作为一个开放系统，激光器应该与热力学力处于开放平衡，与两种能量流有关。平衡的条件表示的Logistic映射与专门开发的动态逆干草叉分岔图的图形表示的解决方案。这些曲线图明确地证实了激光器的触发性质，其中双稳态表现为干草叉接地和激光分支，相对布居平衡值相应地接近1和0。对发射从远红外到短波UV光的2能级激光器进行了模拟。这种激光器的一个新发现的特征是在激光器和分叉点以外的地面干草叉分支之间发生的激光可激发居民的上下跃迁的线光谱。谱线的密度随着分支接近其极限而明显增加。这两种类型的过渡在相反的阶段重叠。这一效应是对爱因斯坦禁止实现二能级激光的一个新的证实。在这项研究中还发现了足够宽的光谱线之间的差距。间隙屏蔽光照射，并且可以被认为是控制2能级激光发射的潜在区域。
英文摘要：
The paper explores a possible application of the discrete thermodynamics to a 2-level laser. The model accounts for the laser openness to incoming pumping power and coming out energy with the emitted light. As an open system, a laser should be in open equilibrium with thermodynamic forces, related to both energy flows. Conditions of equilibria are expressed by a logistic map with specially developed dynamic inverse pitchfork bifurcation diagrams for graphical presentation of the solutions. The graphs explicitly confirm the triggering nature of a laser where bistability is manifested by pitchfork ground and laser branches, with the relative population equilibrium values close to 1 and 0 correspondingly. Simulation was run for a 2-level laser emitting light from far infrared to short wave UV. A newly discovered feature of such a laser is the line spectrum of up and down transitions of the laser excitable dwellers, occurring between the laser and the ground pitchfork branches beyond bifurcation point. The density of the spectra lines tangibly increases as the branches approach their limits. Transitions of both types are overlapping in opposite phases. This effect is a new confirmation of the Einstein's prohibition on practical realization of a 2-level laser. Wide enough gaps between the lines of the spectra were also discovered in this research. The gaps are shielding the light irradiation and may be considered as potential areas of control over the 2-level laser emissions.
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