二面角势在蛋白质折叠成核途径中的作用
Role of the dihedral angle potential in the nucleation pathway of protein folding
摘要：
提出了蛋白质折叠成核机理的动力学模型。蛋白质被建模为由具有相等恒定键长和键角的疏水性和亲水性珠粒组成的杂聚物。杂聚物的总能量由非连接珠的排斥/吸引相互作用和所涉及的二面角的贡献决定。它们的参数可以严格定义，不像以前模型的基础是一簇蛋白质残基的不明确的表面张力。作为该模型的一个重要思想，二面角势，其中所选择的珠参与平均所有可能的配置的相邻珠沿蛋白质链。由此产生的平均二面角潜力的残留物是恒定的足够远的集群，但单调增加的距离降低低于阈值。其中残基执行混沌运动的簇周围的总体势是平均二面角势和成对势的组合。作为与簇的距离的函数，它具有双阱形状。内孔中的残基被认为属于簇（蛋白质的折叠部分），而外孔中的残基被视为属于蛋白质的未折叠（尽管是紧凑的）部分。双井形状的潜力周围的集群允许一个确定其发射和吸收率，通过使用第一次通过时间分析和发展的自洽动力学理论的成核机制的蛋白质折叠。对一个含有2500个残基的蛋白质进行数值计算，其残基在天然状态下的扩散系数在10^{-6} cm ^2/s到10^{-8} cm ^2/s之间，预测折叠时间在几秒到几百秒之间。
英文摘要：
A kinetic model for the nucleation mechanism of protein folding is proposed. A protein is modeled as a heteropolymer consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic beads with equal constant bond lengths and bond angles. The total energy of the heteropolymer is determined by the repulsive/attractive interactions of non-linked beads and the contribution from the dihedral angles involved. Their parameters can be rigorously defined, unlike the ill defined surface tension of a cluster of protein residues which is the basis of the previous model. As a crucial idea of the model, the dihedral potential in which a selected bead is involved is averaged over all possible configurations of neighboring beads along the protein chain. The resulting average dihedral potential of the residue is constant far enough from the cluster, but increases monotonically with decreasing distance below a threshold value. An overall potential around the cluster wherein a residue performs a chaotic motion is a combination of the average dihedral and pairwise potentials. As a function of distance from the cluster it has a double well shape. Residues in the inner well are considered as belonging to the cluster (folded part of the protein) while those in the outer well are treated as belonging to the unfolded (although compact) part of the protein. A double well shape of the potential around the cluster allows one to determine its emission and absorption rates by using a first passage time analysis and develop a self-consistent kinetic theory for the nucleation mechanism of protein folding. Numerical calculations for a protein of 2500 residues with the diffusion coefficient of residues in the native state ranging from 10^{-6} cm^2/s to 10^{-8} cm^2/s predict folding times in the range from several seconds to several hundreds of seconds.
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