Dayton Miller反常“以太漂移”结果的解释
An Explanation of Dayton Miller's Anomalous "Ether Drift" Result
摘要：
1933年，戴顿·米勒在这本杂志上发表了他用以太漂移干涉仪进行大量观测的结果，并宣称他已经确定了“地球的绝对运动”。这一结果与狭义相对论的预测直接冲突，也与许多相关实验没有发现这种信号或“绝对运动“直接冲突。本文提出了一个完整的解释，他的异常结果：a）表明，他的结果是不具有统计意义，b）详细描述了如何在他的分析过程中的缺陷产生了一个错误的信号，正是他所期望的属性，和c）提出了一个定量模型，他的系统漂移，表明没有真正的信号在他的数据。简而言之，这是每个实验者的噩梦：他在不知不觉中看到了系统漂移中统计上不重要的模式，这些模式模仿了真实信号的外观。从他的原始数据中推导出6公里/秒的“绝对运动“上限，这与类似的实验结果和狭义相对论的预测完全一致。本文的重点是需要进行全面的、定量的误差分析。这种分析中使用的概念和技术在米勒的时代还没有，但现在已经成为标准。这些问题也适用于著名的迈克尔逊和莫雷的测量，以及大多数（如果不是所有的话）类似的实验;附录中讨论了几个这样的实验。
英文摘要：
In 1933 Dayton Miller published in this journal the results of his voluminous observations using his ether drift interferometer, and proclaimed that he had determined the "absolute motion of the earth". This result is in direct conflict with the prediction of Special Relativity, and also with numerous related experiments that found no such signal or "absolute motion". This paper presents a complete explanation for his anomalous result by: a) showing that his results are not statistically significant, b) describing in detail how flaws in his analysis procedure produced a false signal with precisely the properties he expected, and c) presenting a quantitative model of his systematic drift that shows there is no real signal in his data. In short, this is every experimenter's nightmare: he was unknowingly looking at statistically insignificant patterns in his systematic drift that mimicked the appearance of a real signal. An upper limit on "absolute motion" of 6 km/sec is derived from his raw data, fully consistent with similar experimental results and the prediction of Special Relativity. The key point of this paper is the need for a comprehensive and quantitative error analysis. The concepts and techniques used in this analysis were not available in Miller's day, but are now standard. These problems also apply to the famous measurements of Michelson and Morley, and to most if not all similar experiments; appendices are provided discussing several such experiments.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
