超冷原子气体中的分子形成
Molecule formation in ultracold atomic gases
摘要：
本文综述了近年来在超冷气体中通过费什巴赫共振和光缔合作用形成分子的实验和理论研究进展。玻色子二聚体和费米子二聚体的长程态的分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚在2002-3年实现。玻色子二聚体的凝聚体被发现是短寿命的，但是费米子二聚体的凝聚体已经产生了。最近已经观察到三原子和四原子分子的特征。均质分子和杂质分子都是通过光缔合作用形成的，大多数是在非常高的振动能级上。最近的尝试，以产生超冷分子在短程状态（低振动能级）进行了描述。讨论了超冷分子碰撞的实验和理论工作。
英文摘要：
This review describes recent experimental and theoretical advances in forming molecules in ultracold gases of trapped alkali metal atoms, both by magnetic tuning through Feshbach resonances and by photoassociation. Molecular Bose-Einstein condensation of long-range states of both boson dimers and fermion dimers was achieved in 2002-3. Condensates of boson dimers were found to be short-lived, but long-lived condensates of fermion dimers have been produced. Signatures of triatomic and tetraatomic molecules have recently been observed. Both homonuclear and heteronuclear molecules have been formed by photoassociation, mostly in very high vibrational levels. Recent attempts to produce ultracold molecules in short-range states (low vibrational levels) are described. Experimental and theoretical work on collisions of ultracold molecules is discussed.
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